The role of phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics in experimental evolution with phytoplankton

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Katrin Schmidt ◽  
Cock van Oosterhout ◽  
Sinéad Collins ◽  
Thomas Mock
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Evolution

scholarly journals Experimental Evolution Across Different Thermal Regimes Yields Genetic Divergence in Recombination Fraction But No Divergence in Temperature-Associated Plastic Recombination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn P. Kohl ◽  
Nadia D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Recombination Fraction ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is pervasive in nature. One mechanism underlying the evolution and maintenance of such plasticity is environmental heterogeneity. Indeed, theory indicates that both spatial and temporal variation in the environment should favor the evolution of phenotypic plasticity under a variety of conditions. Cyclical environmental conditions have also been shown to yield evolved increases in recombination frequency. Here were use a panel of replicated experimental evolution populations of D. melanogaster to test whether variable environments favor enhanced plasticity in recombination rate and/or increased recombination rate in response to temperature. In contrast to expectation, we find no evidence for either enhanced plasticity in recombination or increased rates of recombination in the variable environment lines. Our data confirm a role of temperature in mediating recombination fraction in D. melanogaster, and indicate that recombination is genetically and plastically depressed under lower temperatures. Our data further suggest that the genetic architectures underlying plastic recombination and population-level variation in recombination rate are likely to be distinct.

The role of hormones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frederik Nijhout ◽  
Emily Laub
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Plastic Trait

Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.

scholarly journals A sink host allows a specialist herbivore to persist in a seasonal source

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1958) ◽  
pp. 20211604
Author(s):  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
Ewa Puchalska ◽  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Negative Growth

In seasonal environments, sinks that are more persistent than sources may serve as temporal stepping stones for specialists. However, this possibility has to our knowledge, not been demonstrated to date, as such environments are thought to select for generalists, and the role of sinks, both in the field and in the laboratory, is difficult to document. Here, we used laboratory experiments to show that herbivorous arthropods associated with seasonally absent main (source) habitats can endure on a suboptimal (sink) host for several generations, albeit with a negative growth rate. Additionally, they dispersed towards this host less often than towards the main host and accepted it less often than the main host. Finally, repeated experimental evolution attempts revealed no adaptation to the suboptimal host. Nevertheless, field observations showed that arthropods are found in suboptimal habitats when the main habitat is unavailable. Together, these results show that evolutionary rescue in the suboptimal habitat is not possible. Instead, the sink habitat functions as a temporal stepping stone, allowing for the persistence of a specialist when the source habitat is gone.

Phenotypic plasticity with respect to salt stress response by Lotus glaber: the role of its AM fungal and rhizobial symbionts

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Echeverria ◽  
Agustina Azul Scambato ◽  
Analía Inés Sannazzaro ◽  
Santiago Maiale ◽  
Oscar Adolfo Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Lotus Glaber

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity as a long-term memory easing readaptations to ancestral environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. eaba3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chin Ho ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
Jianzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Phenotypic plasticity refers to environment-induced phenotypic changes without mutation and is present in all organisms. The role of phenotypic plasticity in organismal adaptations to novel environments has attracted much attention, but its role in readaptations to ancestral environments is understudied. To address this question, we use the reciprocal transplant approach to investigate the multitissue transcriptomes of chickens adapted to the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent lowland. While many genetic transcriptomic changes had occurred in the forward adaptation to the highland, plastic changes largely transform the transcriptomes to the preferred state when Tibetan chickens are brought back to the lowland. The same trend holds for egg hatchability, a key component of the chicken fitness. These findings, along with highly similar patterns in comparable experiments of guppies and Escherichia coli, demonstrate that organisms generally “remember” their ancestral environments via phenotypic plasticity and reveal a mechanism by which past experience affects future evolution.

scholarly journals Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 981-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Richards ◽  
Oliver Bossdorf ◽  
Norris Z. Muth ◽  
Jessica Gurevitch ◽  
Massimo Pigliucci
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Invasions

scholarly journals The role of phenotypic plasticity on population differentiation

Heredity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schmid ◽  
F Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Population Differentiation
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