Marine animal tracking with classical and emerging localization algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. eabf0892
Author(s):  
Dana R. Yoerger
Keyword(s):  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Animal Tracking ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Acoustic Tags

Localization algorithms applied to acoustic tags for tracking marine animals can also be used to localize marine robots.

scholarly journals Translating Marine Animal Tracking Data into Conservation Policy and Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme C. Hays ◽  
Helen Bailey ◽  
Steven J. Bograd ◽  
W. Don Bowen ◽  
Claudio Campagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Animal Tracking

Biotic and Abiotic Controls on the Phanerozoic History of Marine Animal Biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Bush ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Time Changes

During the past 541 million years, marine animals underwent three intervals of diversification (early Cambrian, Ordovician, Cretaceous–Cenozoic) separated by nondirectional fluctuation, suggesting diversity-dependent dynamics with the equilibrium diversity shifting through time. Changes in factors such as shallow-marine habitat area and climate appear to have modulated the nondirectional fluctuations. Directional increases in diversity are best explained by evolutionary innovations in marine animals and primary producers coupled with stepwise increases in the availability of food and oxygen. Increasing intensity of biotic interactions such as predation and disturbance may have led to positive feedbacks on diversification as ecosystems became more complex. Important areas for further research include improving the geographic coverage and temporal resolution of paleontological data sets, as well as deepening our understanding of Earth system evolution and the physiological and ecological traits that modulated organismal responses to environmental change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 52 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Linking dimensions of data on global marine animal diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1814) ◽  
pp. 20190445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Webb ◽  
Bart Vanhoorne
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Marine Diversity

Recent decades have seen an explosion in the amount of data available on all aspects of biodiversity, which has led to data-driven approaches to understand how and why diversity varies in time and space. Global repositories facilitate access to various classes of species-level data including biogeography, genetics and conservation status, which are in turn required to study different dimensions of diversity. Ensuring that these different data sources are interoperable is a challenge as we aim to create synthetic data products to monitor the state of the world's biodiversity. One way to approach this is to link data of different classes, and to inventory the availability of data across multiple sources. Here, we use a comprehensive list of more than 200 000 marine animal species, and quantify the availability of data on geographical occurrences, genetic sequences, conservation assessments and DNA barcodes across all phyla and broad functional groups. This reveals a very uneven picture: 44% of species are represented by no record other than their taxonomy, but some species are rich in data. Although these data-rich species are concentrated into a few taxonomic and functional groups, especially vertebrates, data are spread widely across marine animals, with members of all 32 phyla represented in at least one database. By highlighting gaps in current knowledge, our census of marine diversity data helps to prioritize future data collection activities, as well as emphasizing the importance of ongoing sustained observations and archiving of existing data into global repositories. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.

The fate of fossil fuel hydrocarbons in marine animals

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 391-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
The Many ◽  
Uptake And Release

Certain hydrocarbons present in crude oil have been detected in several marine animal species as well as algae and sediments. The importance of pollution as a source of these hydrocarbons is briefly considered, as is evidence for their biosynthesis in marine organisms. The problem of whether these compounds, particularly the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are transferred through the marine food web is considered in the light of recent evidence for their uptake and release by various marine animals; and the question of whether they are excreted unchanged or as metabolites is discussed in the context of the many studies that have been made of their fate in mammals.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis: a focus on marine invertebrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Lv ◽  
Qiongxuan Lu ◽  
Bo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Living Tissues

AbstractMorphogenesis is a process describing how the shapes of living tissues and bodies are created during development. Living and fossil organisms exhibit enormously diverse tissue architecture and body forms, although the functions of organs are evolutionally conserved. Current knowledge reveals that relatively conserved mechanisms are applied to control development among different species. However, the regulations of morphogenesis are quite diverse in detail. Animals in the ocean display a wide range of diversity of morphology suitable for their seawater environment. Nevertheless, compared with the intensive studies on terrestrial animals, research on marine animal morphogenesis is still insufficient. The increasing genomic data and the recently available gene editing methods, together with the fast development of imaging techniques, quantitative analyses and biophysical models, provide us the opportunities to have a deeper understanding of the principles that drive the diverse morphogenetic processes in marine animals. In this review, we summarize the recent studies of morphogenesis and evolution at molecular, cellular and tissue levels, with a focus on three model marine animals, namely ascidians, sea urchins and sea anemones.

Miniaturised bidirectional acoustic tag to enhance marine animal tracking studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Masmitja ◽  
Daniel Corregidor ◽  
Juan Manuel Lopez ◽  
Enoc Martinez ◽  
Joan Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Animal ◽  
Animal Tracking

scholarly journals Frequency of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in non-clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
C. G. Y. Huescas ◽  
R. I. Pereira ◽  
J. Prichula ◽  
P. A. Azevedo ◽  
J. Frazzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Animal Feces

Abstract The fidelity of the genomes is defended by mechanism known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems. Three Type II CRISPR systems (CRISPR1- cas, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas) have been identified in enterococci isolates from clinical and environmental samples. The aim of this study was to observe the distribution of CRISPR1-cas, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas in non-clinical strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from food and fecal samples, including wild marine animals. The presence of CRISPRs was evaluated by PCR in 120 enterococci strains, 67 E. faecalis and 53 E. faecium. It is the first report of the presence of the CRISPRs system in E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from wild marine animal fecal samples. The results showed that in non-clinical strains, the CRISPRs were more frequently detected in E. faecalis than in E. faecium. And the frequencies of CRISPR1-cas and CRISPR2 were higher (60%) in E. faecalis strains isolated from animal feces, compared to food samples. Both strains showed low frequencies of CRISPR3-cas (8.95% and 1.88%). In conclusion, the differences in the habitats of enterococcal species may be related with the results observe in distribution of CRISPRs systems.

Design and Implementation of a Marine Animal Alert System to Support Marine Renewable Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Z. Daniel ◽  
Carlson Thomas J. ◽  
Fu Tao ◽  
Ren Huiying ◽  
Martinez Jayson J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
System Development ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Primary Means

AbstractPower extracted from fast-moving tidal currents has been identified as a potential commercial-scale source of renewable energy. Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) device developers and utilities are pursuing deployment of prototype tidal turbines to assess technology viability, site feasibility, and environmental interactions. Deployment of prototype turbines requires environmental review and permits from a range of regulatory authorities. Ensuring the safety of marine animals, particularly those under protection of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, has emerged as a key regulatory challenge for initial MHK deployments. The greatest perceived risk to marine animals is from strike by the rotating blades of tidal turbines. Development of the marine animal alert system (MAAS) was undertaken to support monitoring and mitigation requirements for tidal turbine deployments. The prototype system development focused on the Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW), an endangered population that frequents Puget Sound, Washington, and is seasonally present in the part of the sound where deployment of prototype tidal turbines is being considered. Passive acoustics were selected as the primary means to detect the SRKWs because of the vocal nature of these animals. The MAAS passive acoustic system consists of a two-stage process involving the use of an energy detector and a spectrogram-based classifier to distinguish between SKRW calls and background noise. A prototype consisting of two 2D symmetrical star arrays separated by 20 m center to center was built and evaluated successfully in the waters of Sequim Bay, Washington, using whale-call playback.

scholarly journals Peruvian Children's Folk Taxonomy of Marine Animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
José Pizarro-Neyra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Folk Taxonomy ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Coastal Species

Free listing was used to obtain names of marine animals from 234 Peruvian children with families involved in fishing activities. They live in the fishing towns of Vila-vila, Morro Sama and Ilo, located in Southern Peru. Fishes, birds and the category “other marine animal” were used for the classification of marine fauna by children. The group of 6-8 year-olds shows a mean frequency of 19.7 names per child, while the group of 9-11 year-olds shows a mean frequency of 25.7 names per child. Folk species of fish is the most frequently recorded category with a predominance of coastal species and with a mean frequency of 7.56 and 11.51 names per child for the groups of 6-8 year-olds and 9-11 year-olds, respectively. In contrast, bird names are less frequently recorded in the lists. Some bird and mollusc names have lexical under-differentiation at a generic level and apparently have lower cultural significance than fish. Children’s classification in different levels of organization is evidence of a folk biology. The folk taxonomy of marine animals could be influenced by the lesser cognitive development of younger children and the ecological salience of some species. Some species with coastal habitat exhibit a high dominance index of folk names. Cultural transmission of knowledge about birds could be failing due to the recent occupancy of the study sites by migratory people and the sexual division of work in the children’s families.

scholarly journals Genome Mining for Antimicrobial Compounds in Wild Marine Animals-associated Enterococci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janira Prichula ◽  
Muriel Primon-Barros ◽  
Romeu Luz ◽  
Ícaro Castro ◽  
Thiago Paim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Mining ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Low Toxicity

Abstract New ecosystems are being actively mined for new bioactive compounds. Because of the large amount of unexplored biodiversity, bacteria from marine environments are especially promising. Further, host-associated microbes are of special interest because of their low toxicity and compatibility with host health. Here we identified and characterized biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds in host-associated enterococcal recovered from fecal samples of wild marine animals remote from human-affected ecosystems. Putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of 22 Enterococcus strains of marine origin were predicted using antiSMASH5 and Bagel4 bioinformatic software. At least one gene cluster encoding a putative bioactive compound precursor was identified in each genome. Collectively, 73 putative antimicrobial compounds were identified, including 61 bacteriocins (83.56 %), 10 terpenes (13.70 %), and two (2.74 %) related to putative nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Two of the species studied, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus mundtti, are rare causes of human disease and were found to lack any known pathogenic determinants but yet possessed bacteriocin biosynthetic genes, suggesting possible additional utility as probiotics. Wild marine animal-associated enterococci from human-remote ecosystems provide a potentially rich source for new antimicrobial compounds of therapeutic and industrial value, and potential probiotic application.

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