Improving the response to inland flooding

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 374 (6569) ◽  
pp. 831-832
Author(s):  
Xiaona Guo ◽  
Annah Zhu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ruishan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inland Flooding

scholarly journals Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Lisa Van Well ◽  
David Bendz ◽  
Per Danielsson ◽  
Jim Hedfors
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Flexible Planning ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Inland Flooding

AbstractMany climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.

scholarly journals Application of Airborne Passive Microwave Observations for Monitoring Inland Flooding Caused by Tropical Cyclones

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2070
Author(s):  
Courtney D. Buckley ◽  
Robbie E. Hood ◽  
Frank J. LaFontaine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Inland Flooding

Abstract Inland flooding from tropical cyclones is a significant factor in storm-related deaths in the United States and other countries, with the majority of tropical cyclone fatalities recorded in the United States resulting from freshwater flooding. Information collected during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tropical cyclone field experiments suggests that surface water and flooding can be detected and therefore monitored at a greater spatial resolution by using passive microwave airborne radiometers than by using satellite sensors. The 10.7-GHz frequency of the NASA Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has demonstrated high-resolution detection of anomalous surface water and flooding in numerous situations. In this study, an analysis of three cases is conducted utilizing satellite and airborne radiometer data. Data from the 1998 Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) are utilized to detect surface water during the landfalling Hurricane Georges in both the Dominican Republic and Louisiana. Another case studied was the landfalling Tropical Storm Gert in eastern Mexico during the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment in 2005. AMPR data are compared to topographic data and vegetation indices to evaluate the significance of the surface water signature visible in the 10.7-GHz information. The results illustrate the AMPR’s utility in monitoring surface water that current satellite-based passive microwave radiometers are unable to monitor because of their coarser resolutions. This suggests the benefit of a radiometer with observing frequencies less than 11 GHz deployed on a manned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system to provide early detection in real time of expanding surface water or flooding conditions.

The History and Science of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Coiled Structure ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Wind Currents ◽  
Inland Flooding

The Caribbean’s most emblematic weather symbol is the hurricane, a large rotating storm that can bring destructive winds, coastal and inland flooding, and torrential rain. A hurricane begins as a tropical depression, an area of low atmospheric pressure that produces clouds and thunderstorms. Hurricane season in the Caribbean runs from June 1 through November 30, although there have been infrequent storms that formed outside these dates. Hurricanes are classified according to their maximum wind speed, and when a tropical system reaches the wind speed of a tropical storm (35 mph), it is given a name. Lists of names, which are rotated periodically, are specific to certain regions. If a named storm is responsible for causing a significant number of deaths or property damage, the name is retired and replaced with another. Most deaths in a storm came from drowning, from storm surge along the coast or from flooding or mudslides in the interior. Storm-related deaths also occur when structures collapse or when victims are struck by flying debris. One important and underestimated cause of death after the passage of a storm is disease. Even if the destruction is not immediate, the passage of a hurricane can leave significant ecological damage along the coast and in the interior. Hurricanes can have a devastating effect on a community that takes a direct hit. Repeated hurricane strikes can leave a sense of helplessness and hopelessness, “hurricane fatigue.” Conversely, survivors of a disaster are often left with a feeling of confidence that, since they have endured the effects of at least one deadly hurricane, they can do so again. Until the last half of the 18th century, meteorology remained primitive, but the Age of Enlightenment brought scientific and ideological advances. Major beneficiaries were royal navies whose navigation manuals and nautical charts became increasingly more accurate. In 1821, William C. Redfield established the circular nature of storms and their counterclockwise rotation, while other scientists showed how wind currents within the storms moved upward. Once the coiled structure of hurricanes were established by mid-century, the term “cyclone” was applied, based upon the Greek word for the coils of a snake. After the mid-19th century, scientists moved from information gathering to attempts to predict hurricane strikes. Technology, in the form of the telegraph, was a key component in creating a forecasting system aided by organizations such as the Colegio de Belén, in Havana, Cuba. Later in the century, governments worldwide created official observation networks in which weather reports were radiotelegraphed from ships at sea to stations on land. The 20th century experienced advances, such as the use of kites and balloons, and the introduction of weather reconnaissance aircraft during World War II. In April 1960, the first satellite was launched to observe weather patterns, and by the early 1980s, ocean buoys and sophisticated radar systems made forecasts increasingly more accurate.

Integrated Intelligence for Electric Grid Resilience using Storm Surge and Inland Flooding Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
Sabiha Tabassum ◽  
Wen-Ying Wu ◽  
Brent Austgen ◽  
Clint Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Inland Flooding

Understanding the relationship between extremes of wind and inland flooding in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Halliday ◽  
Len Shaffrey ◽  
Dimosthenis Tsaknias ◽  
Hannah Cloke ◽  
Alexander Siddaway
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Compound Events ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inland Flooding

<p>Windstorms and flooding pose a significant socio-economic threat to the United Kingdom andcan cause significant financial loss. For example, the great October storm of 1987 damaged whole elements of the national electricity grid in the west of the UK. Storms can also be associated with heavy precipitation, for example, extensive inland flooding was caused by a series of slow-moving storms in the case of the winter floods of 2013/14 in the South East of England. The UK Met Office and Environment Agency estimated the financial loss attributable to the 1987 and 2013/14 events at €6.4bn and €1.5bn respectively. The question of correlations between windstorm and flood events remains open, for example the risk of a 1987-scale event "colluding" with the economically adverse meteorology of the 2013/14 season being poorly unquantified. If wind and flood risk is correlated then insurers are under-estimating both capital requirements and risk policy price, exposing them to very substantial liabilities.</p><p>Here, a collaborative project between academics and insurers has been undertaken to improve our understanding of the spatial-temporal distribution of risk from extreme, compounded windstorm and inland flood events in the UK. Statistical analysis of different data sets (~40 years of winter ERA5 reanalysis daily maximum winds, as well as observational precipitation and river flow gauge data) reveals wind and inland flooding are modestly correlated across the UK. In addition, we find substantially more compound events than expected by chance, some of which can be linked to named UK storms.</p><p>In terms of the large-scale atmospheric drivers, there appears to be no particular preferred path for the storms associated with compound wind and flood events. However, we find that compound events appear to be moderated by the amount of rainfall in the days preceding a windstorm, rather than the overall storminess of any given year. Further, we investigate the relationship in very extreme (200-year return period) windstorms and precipitation from the 1000-years of high-resolution HiGEM climate simulations.</p><div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div>

Uncertainties and constraints on breaching and their implications for flood loss estimation

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1831) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Muir Wood ◽  
William Bateman
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Inland Flooding ◽  
Crest Height

Around the coasts of the southern North Sea, flood risk is mediated everywhere by the performance of natural and man-made flood defences. Under the conditions of extreme surge with tide water levels, the performance of the defences determines the extent of inland flooding. Sensitivity tests reveal the enormous increase in the volume of water that can pass through a defence once breaching is initiated, with a 1 m reduction in sill elevation doubling the loss. Empirical observations of defence performance in major storm surges around the North Sea reveal some of the principal controls on breaching. For the same defence type, the maximum size and depth of a breach is a function of the integral of the hydraulic gradient across the defence, which is in turn determined by the elevation of the floodplain and the degree to which water can continue to flow inland away from the breach. The most extensive and lowest floodplains thereby ‘generate’ the largest breaches. For surges that approach the crest height, the weaker the protection of the defence, the greater the number of breaches. Defence reinforcement reduces both the number and size of the breaches.

Inland Flooding Observation and Warning (IFLOW) Project

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bacon ◽  
Kevin Kelleher ◽  
Kenneth Howard ◽  
Jonathan Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Inland Flooding

Dynamic Modeling of Storm Surge and Inland Flooding in a Texas Coastal Floodplain

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Ray ◽  
Emilia Stepinski ◽  
Antonia Sebastian ◽  
Philip B. Bedient
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Inland Flooding
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