scholarly journals Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 371 (6526) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis F. Buss ◽  
Carlos A. Prete ◽  
Claudia M. M. Abrahim ◽  
Alfredo Mendrone ◽  
Tassila Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Amazonas State

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly in Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state in northern Brazil. The attack rate there is an estimate of the final size of the largely unmitigated epidemic that occurred in Manaus. We use a convenience sample of blood donors to show that by June 2020, 1 month after the epidemic peak in Manaus, 44% of the population had detectable immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Correcting for cases without a detectable antibody response and for antibody waning, we estimate a 66% attack rate in June, rising to 76% in October. This is higher than in São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, where the estimated attack rate in October was 29%. These results confirm that when poorly controlled, COVID-19 can infect a large proportion of the population, causing high mortality.

Detection of Mansonella ozzardi among blood donors from highly endemic interior cities of Amazonas state, northern Brazil

Transfusion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051
Author(s):  
Claudia M. M. Abrahim ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Sergio L. B. Luz ◽  
Nelson A. Fraiji ◽  
Mariane M. A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Amazonas State

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in blood donors located in three different federal states, Germany, March to June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Cornelius Knabbe ◽  
Tanja Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States

Most cases of coronavirus disease 2019 are mild or asymptomatic. Therefore, many cases remain unrecorded. We determined seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 3,186 regular blood donors in three German federal states between 9 March and 3 June 2020. The IgG seroprevalence was 0.91% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–1.24) overall, ranging from 0.66% (95% CI: 0.13–1.19) in Hesse to 1.22% (95% CI: 0.33–2.10) in Lower-Saxony.

scholarly journals Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Post-COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos David Araújo Bichara ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Gergiane Lopes Vaz ◽  
Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: In this study, the prevalence and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) IgG was evaluated in volunteers 90 days after COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) diagnosis by correlating response dynamics with clinical conditions, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine levels, epidemiological characteristics, and disease severity. Methods: The study recruited 200 volunteers aged 18 years or older of both sexes diagnosed with COVID-19. ELISA testing was performed to detect IgG persistence and cytokine levels in 135 individuals with a previous serological test at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis.Results: Among the 135 individuals who underwent a previous serological test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and provided a new blood sample 90 days after the first examination, 125 showed reactivity to IgG (92.6%). Of the 125 individuals with detectable IgG in the first test, 69.6% showed persistence of this antibody after 90 days; however, in 10 (30.4%) individuals, IgG was nonreactive in the second evaluation. The frequency of all reported symptoms was higher in individuals who maintained IgG persistence after 90 days of symptoms, and no relationship with cytokine levels was observed. Conclusions: The results of the present study show a high frequency of loss of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies within three months after COVID-19 diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals New records for the bryophyte flora of the Brazilian Amazon

Rodriguésia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriel M. Sierra ◽  
Marta R. Pereira ◽  
Charles E. Zartman
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract Results from recent botanical excursions in northern Brazil include 38 new state and country records. In summary, seven (five liverworts and two mosses) taxa are newly confirmed for Brazil, 18 (10 liverworts and eight mosses) new to Amazonas state and 20 (16 liverworts and four mosses) new to Roraima state.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 371 (6524) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Uyoga ◽  
Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa ◽  
Henry K. Karanja ◽  
James Nyagwange ◽  
James Tuju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Case Based

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Africa is poorly described. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya was reported on 12 March 2020, and an overwhelming number of cases and deaths were expected, but by 31 July 2020, there were only 20,636 cases and 341 deaths. However, the extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the community remains unknown. We determined the prevalence of anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G among blood donors in Kenya in April–June 2020. Crude seroprevalence was 5.6% (174 of 3098). Population-weighted, test-performance-adjusted national seroprevalence was 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 5.8%) and was highest in urban counties Mombasa (8.0%), Nairobi (7.3%), and Kisumu (5.5%). SARS-CoV-2 exposure is more extensive than indicated by case-based surveillance, and these results will help guide the pandemic response in Kenya and across Africa.

scholarly journals Investigation of Four Clusters of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rwanda, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7018
Author(s):  
Olivier Nsekuye ◽  
Edson Rwagasore ◽  
Marie Aime Muhimpundu ◽  
Ziad El-Khatib ◽  
Daniel Ntabanganyimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Closed Environment ◽  
Index Cases

We reported the findings of the first Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) four clusters identified in Rwanda. Case-investigations included contact elicitation, testing, and isolation/quarantine of confirmed cases. Socio-demographic and clinical data on cases and contacts were collected. A confirmed case was a person with laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR) while a contact was any person who had contact with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed case within 72 h prior, to 14 days after symptom onset; or 14 days before collection of the laboratory-positive sample for asymptomatic cases. High risk contacts were those who had come into unprotected face-to-face contact or had been in a closed environment with a SARS-CoV-2 case for >15 min. Forty cases were reported from four clusters by 22 April 2020, accounting for 61% of locally transmitted cases within six weeks. Clusters A, B, C and D were associated with two nightclubs, one house party, and different families or households living in the same compound (multi-family dwelling). Thirty-six of the 1035 contacts tested were positive (secondary attack rate: 3.5%). Positivity rates were highest among the high-risk contacts compared to low-risk contacts (10% vs. 2.2%). Index cases in three of the clusters were imported through international travelling. Fifteen of the 40 cases (38%) were asymptomatic while 13/25 (52%) and 8/25 (32%) of symptomatic cases had a cough and fever respectively. Gatherings in closed spaces were the main early drivers of transmission. Systematic case-investigations contact tracing and testing likely contributed to the early containment of SARS-CoV-2 in Rwanda.

The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽  
ANA MARIA PES ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
State Information ◽  
Amazonas State

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided. 

New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4500 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽  
PATRIK BARCELOS-SILVA ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
National Park ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Campos Amazônicos National Park is a federal conservation unit that contains part of the largest Cerrado refuge in the southern part of Brazilian Amazonia. Recently, during a survey of aquatic insects in the park, specimens of the caddisfly genus Chimarra were collected. The primary objective of this paper, as a result of this effort, is to describe and illustrate the male adult of a new species in Chimarra (Chimarrita), Chimarra singularis sp. nov., and the immature stages of Chimarra usitatissima Flint 1971. Additionally, the distributions of C.(Chimarrita) akantha Blahnik 1997 and C. (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998 are extended to the southern part of Amazonas state, and C. (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997 is recorded for the first time in northern Brazil. 

scholarly journals Frequency of the CCRdelta32 allele in Brazilians: a study in colorectal cancer and in HTLV-I infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinaldo W. Pereira ◽  
Edina R. Pires ◽  
Ana P.M. Duarte ◽  
Ricardo P. de Moura ◽  
Elisangela Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Cc Chemokine Receptor 5

The identification of a 32-bp deletion in the cc-chemokine receptor-5 gene (CCR5delta32 allele) that renders homozygous individuals highly resistant to HIV infection has prompted worldwide investigations of the frequency of the CCR5delta32 allele in regional populations. It is important to ascertain if CCR5delta32 is a factor to be considered in the overall epidemiology of HIV in individual populations. With this in mind we determined the CCR5delta32 allele frequency in a large sample (907 individuals) of the southeastern Brazilian urban population, stratified as follows: 322 healthy unrelated individuals, 354 unselected colorectal cancer patients, and 229 blood donors. The three groups displayed essentially identical allelic frequencies of CCR5delta32 and pairwise comparisons did not show significant differences. Thus, our results can be pooled to provide a reliable estimate of the CCR5delta32 allele frequency in the southeastern Brazil of 0.053 ± 0.005. The blood donors comprised 50 HTLV-I serologically negative individuals, 115 non-symptomatic individuals HTLV-I positive by ELISA but with indeterminate Western blot results, 49 healthy blood donors HTLV-I positive both at ELISA and Western blot and 15 patients with clinical spinal cord disease (HAM). A suggestive trend was observed, with the CCR5delta32 frequencies decreasing progressively in these four categories. However, when we applied Fischer's exact test no significant differences emerged. We believe that further studies in larger cohorts should be performed to ascertain whether the CCR5delta32 allele influences the chance of becoming infected or developing clinical symptoms of HTLV-I infection.

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