scholarly journals Comment on “Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming”

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6522) ◽  
pp. eabd9920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schall ◽  
Steffi Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Forest Microclimate ◽  
Three Components

Zellweger et al. (Reports, 15 May 2020, p. 772) claimed that a microclimatic debt, mainly controlled by canopy buffering, evolved in European forest understories. However, their analysis is based on circularity, as they explained the sum of three components by one of these components. The response of the understory to the thermal environment is generally weak.

scholarly journals Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6492) ◽  
pp. 772-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Zellweger ◽  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
Jonathan Lenoir ◽  
Pieter Vangansbeke ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Forest Microclimate

Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.

scholarly journals Comment on “Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming”

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6520) ◽  
pp. eabd3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Bertrand ◽  
Fabien Aubret ◽  
Gaël Grenouillet ◽  
Alexandre Ribéron ◽  
Simon Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Forest Microclimate

Zellweger et al. (Reports, 15 May 2020, p. 772) claimed that forest plant communities’ response to global warming is primarily controlled by microclimate dynamics. We show that community thermophilization is poorly explained by the underlying components of microclimate, and that global warming primarily controls the climatic lag of plant communities. Deconstructing the underlying components of microclimate provides insights for managers.

scholarly journals Response to Comment on “Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming”

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6520) ◽  
pp. eabd6193
Author(s):  
Florian Zellweger ◽  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
Jonathan Lenoir ◽  
Pieter Vangansbeke ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Community Responses ◽  
Forest Microclimate

Bertrand et al. question our interpretation about warming effects on the thermophilization in forest plant communities and propose an alternative way to analyze climatic debt. We show that microclimate warming is a better predictor than macroclimate warming for studying forest plant community responses to warming. Their additional analyses do not affect or change our interpretations and conclusions.

scholarly journals Response to Comment on “Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming”

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6522) ◽  
pp. eabf2939
Author(s):  
Florian Zellweger ◽  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
Jonathan Lenoir ◽  
Pieter Vangansbeke ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
Understory Plant Communities ◽  
Forest Microclimate

Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.

The Jovian ring

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Equatorial Plane ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Three Components

ABSTRACTLying in Jupiter's equatorial plane is a diaphanous ring having little substructure within its three components (main band, faint disk, and halo). Micron-sized grains account for much of the visible ring, but particles of centimeter sizes and larger must also be present to absorb charged particles. Since dynamical evolution times and survival life times are quite short (≲102-3yr) for small grains, the Jovian ring is being continually replenished; probably most of the visible ring is generated by micrometeoroids colliding into unseen parent bodies that reside in the main band.

Characterisation of the occupational thermal environment of operating rooms

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miguel ◽  
Nelson Rodrigues ◽  
Senhorinha Teixeira ◽  
Jose Teixeira ◽  
Ricardo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Operating Rooms

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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