scholarly journals Receptor kinase module targets PIN-dependent auxin transport during canalization

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6516) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Hajný ◽  
Tomáš Prát ◽  
Nikola Rydza ◽  
Lesia Rodriguez ◽  
Shutang Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Subcellular Trafficking ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Self Organizing

Spontaneously arising channels that transport the phytohormone auxin provide positional cues for self-organizing aspects of plant development such as flexible vasculature regeneration or its patterning during leaf venation. The auxin canalization hypothesis proposes a feedback between auxin signaling and transport as the underlying mechanism, but molecular players await discovery. We identified part of the machinery that routes auxin transport. The auxin-regulated receptor CAMEL (Canalization-related Auxin-regulated Malectin-type RLK) together with CANAR (Canalization-related Receptor-like kinase) interact with and phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated PIN polarization, which macroscopically manifests as defects in leaf venation and vasculature regeneration after wounding. The CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex is part of the auxin feedback that coordinates polarization of individual cells during auxin canalization.

scholarly journals Receptor kinase complex transmits RALF peptide signal to inhibit root growth inArabidopsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (51) ◽  
pp. E8326-E8334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Du ◽  
Xiushan Li ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Weijun Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Peptide ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Rhizosphere Acidification ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Inhibit Root Growth ◽  
Rapid Alkalinization Factor

A number of hormones work together to control plant cell growth. Rapid Alkalinization Factor 1 (RALF1), a plant-derived small regulatory peptide, inhibits cell elongation through suppression of rhizosphere acidification in plants. Although a receptor-like kinase, FERONIA (FER), has been shown to act as a receptor for RALF1, the signaling mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we identified a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RPM1-induced protein kinase, RIPK), a plasma membrane-associated member of the RLCK-VII subfamily, that is recruited to the receptor complex through interacting with FER in response to RALF1. RALF1 triggers the phosphorylation of both FER and RIPK in a mutually dependent manner. Genetic analysis of thefer-4andripkmutants reveals RIPK, as well as FER, to be required for RALF1 response in roots. The RALF1–FER–RIPK interactions may thus represent a mechanism for peptide signaling in plants.

scholarly journals Rapid auxin-mediated phosphorylation of Myosin regulates trafficking and polarity in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibin Han ◽  
Inge Verstraeten ◽  
Mark Roosjen ◽  
Ewa Mazur ◽  
Nikola Rydza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Myosin Xi

The signaling molecule auxin controls plant development through a well-known transcriptional mechanism that regulates many genes. However, auxin also triggers cellular responses within seconds or minutes, and mechanisms mediating such fast responses have remained elusive. Here, we identified an ultrafast auxin-mediated protein phosphorylation response in Arabidopsis roots that is largely independent of the canonical TIR1/AFB receptors. Among targets of this novel response are Myosin XI and its adaptor protein MadB2. We show that their auxin-mediated phosphorylation regulates trafficking and polar, subcellular distribution of PIN auxin transporters. This phosphorylation-based auxin signaling module is indispensable during developmental processes that rely on auxin-mediated PIN repolarization, such as termination of shoot gravitropic bending or vasculature formation and regeneration. Hence, we identified a fast, non-canonical auxin response targeting multiple cellular processes and revealed auxin-triggered phosphorylation of a myosin complex as the mechanism for feedback regulation of directional auxin transport, a central component of auxin canalization, which underlies self-organizing plant development.

scholarly journals Melon short internode (CmSi) encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating stem elongation through auxin signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Yang ◽  
Kaige Zhang ◽  
Huayu Zhu ◽  
Xiaojing Zhang ◽  
Wenkai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Short Internode

SummaryPlant height is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly determines plant architecture, and compact or dwarf plants can allow for increased planting density and land utilization as well as increased lodging resistance and economic yield. At least four dwarf/semidwarf genes have been identified in different melon varieties, but none of them have been cloned, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying internode elongation in melon. Here, we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of the first semidwarf gene short internode (Cmsi) in melon, which encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating internode elongation. Spatial-temporal expression analyses revealed that CmSI exhibited high expression in the vascular bundle of the main stem during internode elongation. The expression level of CmSI was positively correlated with stem length in the different melon varieties examined. Ectopic expression of CmSI in Arabidopsis and cucumber suggested CmSI as a positive regulator of internode elongation in both species. Phytohormone quantitation and transcriptome analysis showed that the auxin content and the expression levels of a number of genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway were altered in the semidwarf mutant, including several well-known auxin transporters, such as members of the ABCB family and PIN-FORMED genes. A melon polar auxin transport protein CmPIN2 was identified by protein–protein interaction assay as physically interacting with CmSI to modulate auxin signaling. Thus, CmSI functions in an auxin-dependent regulatory pathway to control internode elongation in melon. Our findings revealed that the ERECTA family gene CmSI regulates stem elongation in melon through auxin signaling, which can directly affect polar auxin transport.

NSAIDs Target TWISTED DWARF1-Regulated Actin Dynamics and Auxin Transport-Mediated Plant Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutang Tan ◽  
Martin Di Donato ◽  
Matouš Glanc ◽  
Xixi Zhang ◽  
Petr Klíma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Actin Dynamics

scholarly journals Membrane Sterol Composition in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects Root Elongation via Auxin Biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Yao Ma ◽  
Xiang Nie ◽  
Markus Grebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Sterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Short Root

Plant membrane sterol composition has been reported to affect growth and gravitropism via polar auxin transport and auxin signaling. However, as to whether sterols influence auxin biosynthesis has received little attention. Here, by using the sterol biosynthesis mutant cyclopropylsterol isomerase1-1 (cpi1-1) and sterol application, we reveal that cycloeucalenol, a CPI1 substrate, and sitosterol, an end-product of sterol biosynthesis, antagonistically affect auxin biosynthesis. The short root phenotype of cpi1-1 was associated with a markedly enhanced auxin response in the root tip. Both were neither suppressed by mutations in polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins nor by treatment with a PAT inhibitor and responded to an auxin signaling inhibitor. However, expression of several auxin biosynthesis genes TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1) was upregulated in cpi1-1. Functionally, TAA1 mutation reduced the auxin response in cpi1-1 and partially rescued its short root phenotype. In support of this genetic evidence, application of cycloeucalenol upregulated expression of the auxin responsive reporter DR5:GUS (β-glucuronidase) and of several auxin biosynthesis genes, while sitosterol repressed their expression. Hence, our combined genetic, pharmacological, and sterol application studies reveal a hitherto unexplored sterol-dependent modulation of auxin biosynthesis during Arabidopsis root elongation.

scholarly journals Maize LAZY1 Mediates Shoot Gravitropism and Inflorescence Development through Regulating Auxin Transport, Auxin Signaling, and Light Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1306-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaobin Dong ◽  
Chuan Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lian Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Shoot Gravitropism

scholarly journals Extracellular pyridine nucleotides trigger plant systemic immunity through a lectin receptor kinase/BAK1 complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggang Wang ◽  
Xiaoen Huang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Jian-Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Lectin Receptor

Abstract Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum plant immunity induced by mobile signals produced in the local leaves where the initial infection occurs. Although multiple structurally unrelated signals have been proposed, the mechanisms responsible for perception of these signals in the systemic leaves are unknown. Here, we show that exogenously applied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) moves systemically and induces systemic immunity. We demonstrate that the lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), LecRK-VI.2, is a potential receptor for extracellular NAD+ (eNAD+) and NAD+ phosphate (eNADP+) and plays a central role in biological induction of SAR. LecRK-VI.2 constitutively associates with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) in vivo. Furthermore, BAK1 and its homolog BAK1-LIKE1 are required for eNAD(P)+ signaling and SAR, and the kinase activities of LecR-VI.2 and BAK1 are indispensable to their function in SAR. Our results indicate that eNAD+ is a putative mobile signal, which triggers SAR through its receptor complex LecRK-VI.2/BAK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

scholarly journals Activin receptor-like kinase-2 inhibits activin signaling by blocking the binding of activin to its type II receptor

2007 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Renlund ◽  
Francis H O’Neill ◽  
LiHua Zhang ◽  
Yisrael Sidis ◽  
Jose Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Activin Receptor ◽  
Activin Signaling ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase

Activin receptor-like kinase-2 (Alk2) has been shown to be a promiscuous type I receptor for the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family of growth and differentiation factors, such as activin, bone morphogenetic proteins, and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS). We have studied the putative role of Alk2 in activin signaling using MA-10 cells, a mouse transformed Leydig cell line, in which endogenous expression of cytochrome P450 c17 hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase mRNA is inhibited by both MIS and activin A. Overexpression of Alk2 in MA-10 cells inhibited the activation of the activin-responsive CAGA-luciferase reporter and, conversely, transfection of siRNA for Alk2 increased the response. In contrast, overexpression of the MIS type II receptor in MA-10 cells increased the activin-mediated induction of CAGA-luciferase approximately fivefold, which we hypothesized occurs by MIS type II receptor sequestering endogenous Alk2. Binding experiments with 125I-labeled activin show that the underlying mechanism of Alk2-mediated inhibition of activin signaling involves Alk2 blocking the access of activin to its type II receptor, which we show can bind Alk2 in the absence of ligand. These results show that the complement of other type I receptors in addition to the ligand-specific type I receptor can provide an important mechanism for modulating cell-specific responses to members of the TGFβ family.

The Role of MiRNAs in Auxin Signaling and Regulation During Plant Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clelia De-la-Peña ◽  
Geovanny I. Nic-Can ◽  
Johny Avilez-Montalvo ◽  
José E. Cetz-Chel ◽  
Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Auxin Signaling

scholarly journals The Diverse Roles of Auxin in Regulating Leaf Development

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xiong ◽  
Yuling Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Leaf Patterning ◽  
Flat Structures ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Leaves, the primary plant organs that function in photosynthesis and respiration, have highly organized, flat structures that vary within and among species. In recent years, it has become evident that auxin plays central roles in leaf development, including leaf initiation, blade formation, and compound leaf patterning. In this review, we discuss how auxin maxima form to define leaf primordium formation. We summarize recent progress in understanding of how spatial auxin signaling promotes leaf blade formation. Finally, we discuss how spatial auxin transport and signaling regulate the patterning of compound leaves and leaf serration.

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