scholarly journals Photoelectron spectra of alkali metal–ammonia microjets: From blue electrolyte to bronze metal

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6495) ◽  
pp. 1086-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tillmann Buttersack ◽  
Philip E. Mason ◽  
Ryan S. McMullen ◽  
H. Christian Schewe ◽  
Tomas Martinek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Solvated Electrons ◽  
Plasmon Peak ◽  
Fermi Edge ◽  
Excess Electrons

Experimental studies of the electronic structure of excess electrons in liquids—archetypal quantum solutes—have been largely restricted to very dilute electron concentrations. We overcame this limitation by applying soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize excess electrons originating from steadily increasing amounts of alkali metals dissolved in refrigerated liquid ammonia microjets. As concentration rises, a narrow peak at ~2 electron volts, corresponding to vertical photodetachment of localized solvated electrons and dielectrons, transforms continuously into a band with a sharp Fermi edge accompanied by a plasmon peak, characteristic of delocalized metallic electrons. Through our experimental approach combined with ab initio calculations of localized electrons and dielectrons, we obtain a clear picture of the energetics and density of states of the ammoniated electrons over the gradual transition from dilute blue electrolytes to concentrated bronze metallic solutions.

scholarly journals Binding energy of solvated electrons and retrieval of true UV photoelectron spectra of liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw6896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Nishitani ◽  
Yo-ichi Yamamoto ◽  
Christopher W. West ◽  
Shutaro Karashima ◽  
Toshinori Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Solvated Electrons ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Uv Photoelectron Spectroscopy

The electronic energy and dynamics of solvated electrons, the simplest yet elusive chemical species, is of interest in chemistry, physics, and biology. Here, we present the electron binding energy distributions of solvated electrons in liquid water, methanol, and ethanol accurately measured using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids with a single-order high harmonic. The distributions are Gaussian in all cases. Using the EUV and UV photoelectron spectra of solvated electrons, we succeeded in retrieving sharp electron kinetic energy distributions from the spectra broadened and energy shifted by inelastic scattering in liquids, overcoming an obstacle in ultrafast UV photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids. The method is demonstrated for the benchmark systems of charge transfer to solvent reaction and ultrafast internal conversion of hydrated electron from the first excited state.

Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and High Level Ab Initio Calculations of the Halide–Nitric Oxide Dimer Complexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. L. Lapere ◽  
Allan J. McKinley ◽  
Duncan Wild
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Complete Basis Set ◽  
Complete Basis Set Limit ◽  
Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Level

Anion photoelectron spectra are presented for gas phase complexes formed between halide anions and nitric oxide, X−⋯NO where X− = Cl−, Br−, and I−. Electron binding energies are experimentally determined to be 3.82, 3.51, and 3.17 eV. Results from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations are presented for the anion species, whereby a single minimum of Cs symmetry is predicted. Binding energies (D0) of 15.3, 13.3, and 11.7 kJ mol−1 are predicted from complete basis set limit extrapolation, and are found to be in line with previous experimental studies.

scholarly journals Modification of Wood with Monoethanolamino-borate by The Data of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Irina Stepina ◽  
Irina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Wood Cellulose ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Cellulose Materials

The difficulty of wood protection from biocorrosion and fire is due to the fact that modifiers in use are washed out from the surface of the substrate under the influence of environmental factors. This results in a rapid loss of the protective effect and other practically important wood characteristics caused by the modification. To solve this problem is the aim of our work. Here, monoethanolaminoborate is used as a modifier, where electron-donating nitrogen atom provides a coordination number equal to four to a boron atom, which determines the hydrolytic stability of the compounds formed. Alpha-cellulose ground mechanically to a particle size of 1 mm at most was used as a model compound for the modification. X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded on the XSAM-800 spectrometer (Kratos, UK). Prolonged extraction of the modified samples preceded the registration of the photoelectron spectra to exclude the fixation of the modifier molecules unreacted with cellulose. As a result of the experiment, boron and nitrogen atoms were found in the modified substrate, which indicated the hydrolytic stability of the bonds formed between the modifier molecules and the substrate. Therefore monoethanolaminoborate can be considered as a non-extractable modifier for wood-cellulose materials.

scholarly journals Impact of high temperatures on aluminoceladonite studied by Mössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł ◽  
Maria Czaja ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
Tomasz Krzykawski ◽  
Magdalena Szubka
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Integral Intensity Ratio ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractMössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to examine the effects of temperature on the structure of two aluminoceladonite samples. The process of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions started at about 350 °C for the sample richer in Al and at 300 °C for the sample somewhat lower Al-content. Mössbauer results show that this process may be associated with dehydroxylation or even initiate it. The first stage of dehydroxylation takes place at a temperature > 350 °C when the adjacent OH groups are replaced with a single residual oxygen atom. Up to ~500 °C, Fe ions do not migrate from cis-octahedra to trans-octahedra sites, but the coordination number of polyhedra changes from six to five. This temperature can be treated as the second stage of dehydroxylation. The temperature dependence on the integral intensity ratio between bands centered at ~590 and 705 cm−1 (I590/I705) clearly reflects the temperature at which six-coordinated polyhedra are transformed into five-coordinated polyhedra. X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained in the region of the Si2p, Al2p, Fe2p, K2p and O1s core levels, highlighted a route to identify the position of Si, Al, K and Fe cations in a structure of layered silicates with temperature. All the measurements show that the sample with a higher aluminum content and a lower iron content in octahedral sites starts to undergo a structural reorganization at a relatively higher temperature than the less aluminum-rich sample does. This suggests that iron may perform an important role in the initiation of the dehydroxylation of aluminoceladonites.

scholarly journals Photoelectron spectroscopy of the protoporphyrin IX dianion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemma Gibbard ◽  
Connor Jack Clarke ◽  
Jan RR Verlet
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Femtosecond Lasers ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Two Dimensional

Two-dimensional photoelectron spectroscopy using nanosecond and femtosecond lasers has been used to study the Protopophyrin IX dianion at photon energies between 1.8 - 4.1 eV. The photoelectron spectra indicated the...

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONICAL ENERGY ANALYZER FOR ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

2002 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 583-586
Author(s):  
KOTA IWASAKI ◽  
KOICHIRO MITSUKE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Pass Energy ◽  
Helium Discharge

A new angle-resolving electron energy analyzer composed of a conical electrostatic prism and a position-sensitive detector was developed for gas phase photoelectron spectroscopy. The performance of the analyzer has been tested by measuring photoelectron spectra of Ar using a helium discharge lamp. The angular resolution of 3° was achieved at the pass energy E of 5.6 eV. The best energy resolution was ΔE/E = 0.043 at E = 1.4 eV .

Gas-Phase Tautomerism in the Triazoles and Tetrazoles: A Study by Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1246-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Palmer ◽  
Isobel Simpson ◽  
J. Ross Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Equilibrium Geometry ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Methyl Derivatives

The photoelectron spectra of the tautomeric 1,2,3,- and 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3,4-tetrazole systems have been compared with the corresponding N-methyl derivatives. The dominant tautomers in the gas phase have been identified as 2 H-1,2,3-triazole, 1 H-1,2,4-triazole and 2H-tetrazole.Full optimisation of the equilibrium geometry by ab initio molecular orbital methods leads to the same conclusions, for relative stability of the tautomers in each of the triazoles, but the calculations wrongly predict the tetrazole tautomerism.

Tautomerism of pyrazoline-5-thione and triazoline-5-thione studied by variable temperature photoelectron spectroscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Guimon ◽  
Geneviève Pfister-Guillouzo ◽  
Mlkael Begtrup
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Thermal Isomerization ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Planar Form ◽  
Mndo Calculations

Photoelectron spectra at variable temperatures demonstrate that the rate of thermal isomerization of pyrazoline-5-thione (1a) into methylthiopyrazole(s) in the gaseous phase is metal catalysed. Similar isomerizations of triazolethione (2a and 3a) are at best only slightly so.Furthermore, photoelectron spectra and MNDO calculations show that gaseous methylthiopyrazoles (1b and 1c) and methylthiotriazoles (2b and 2c) exist predominantly in planar form for the b isomer and in nonplanar form for the c isomer. The ΔH0 for the rotameric equilibria is 2.7–4.2 kJ•mol−1.

Mass Selected ZEKE-Spectra of FeC2-Anions: A Spectroscopic Access to Intermediates in Catalytic Reactions of Hydrocarbons on Metal Surfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1256-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drechsler ◽  
C. Bäßmann ◽  
U. Boesl ◽  
E. W. Schlag
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Information ◽  
Zero Kinetic Energy ◽  
Conventional Laser

Abstract Zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectra of metalcarbide anions are presented, allowing a high resolu­tion spectroscopic access to intermediates in catalytic reac­tions of hydrocarbons on metal surfaces. As a first compound, FeC2 (an intermediate of the iron/acetylene system) has been chosen. Important for successful ZEKE spectroscopy was a special anion source and the selection by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition, conventional laser induced photo­ detachment photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with our anion source and mass analyzer delivered valuable new information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document