scholarly journals Vascular transcription factors guide plant epidermal responses to limiting phosphate conditions

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6518) ◽  
pp. eaay4970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos R. Wendrich ◽  
BaoJun Yang ◽  
Niels Vandamme ◽  
Kevin Verstaen ◽  
Wouter Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Gene Expression Atlas ◽  
Expression Atlas ◽  
Root Hair Density ◽  
Cell Gene Expression ◽  
Phosphate Depletion

Optimal plant growth is hampered by deficiency of the essential macronutrient phosphate in most soils. Plant roots can, however, increase their root hair density to efficiently forage the soil for this immobile nutrient. By generating and exploiting a high-resolution single-cell gene expression atlas of Arabidopsis roots, we show an enrichment of TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5/LONESOME HIGHWAY (TMO5/LHW) target gene responses in root hair cells. The TMO5/LHW heterodimer triggers biosynthesis of mobile cytokinin in vascular cells and increases root hair density during low-phosphate conditions by modifying both the length and cell fate of epidermal cells. Moreover, root hair responses in phosphate-deprived conditions are TMO5- and cytokinin-dependent. Cytokinin signaling links root hair responses in the epidermis to perception of phosphate depletion in vascular cells.

scholarly journals Positional Signaling and Expression of ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 Are Tuned to Increase Root Hair Density in Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e75452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Savage ◽  
Thomas J. W. Yang ◽  
Chung Ying Chen ◽  
Kai-Lan Lin ◽  
Nicholas A. M. Monk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Root Hair Density

scholarly journals Regulation of root hair density by phosphorus availability in Arabidopsis thaliana

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ma ◽  
D. G. Bielenberg ◽  
K. M. Brown ◽  
J. P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Root Hair Density

scholarly journals Rock Fragment Content in Soils Shift Root Foraging Behavior in Xerophytic Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Hu ◽  
Weikai Bao ◽  
David M. Eissenstat ◽  
Long Huang ◽  
Fanglan Li
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Root Hair Density ◽  
Branching Intensity ◽  
Rock Fragment Content

Abstract Aims Root traits associated with resource foraging, including fine-root branching intensity, root hair and mycorrhiza, may change in soils with various physical structure indicated by rock fragment content (RFC), while how these traits covariate at the level of individual root branching order is largely unknown.Methods We subjected two xerophytic species, Artemisia vestita (subshrub) and Bauhinia brachycarpa (shrub), to increasing RFC gradients (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%, v v-1) in an arid environment and measured fine-root traits related to resource foraging.Results Root hair density and mycorrhizal colonization of both species decreased with increasing root order, but increased in 3rd- and 4th-order roots at high RFCs (50% or 75%). The two species tend to produce more root hairs than mycorrhizas under the high RFCs. For both species, root hair density and mycorrhizal colonization intensity were negatively correlated with root length and root diameter. Rockiness reduced root branching intensity in both species comparing with rock-free soil. At the same level of RFC, A. vestita had thicker roots and lower branching intensity than B. brachycarpa, and tended to produce more root hairs.Conclusion Our results suggest the high RFC soil conditions stimulated greater foraging functions in higher root orders. We found evidence for a greater investment in root hairs and mycorrhizal symbioses as opposed to building an extensive root system in rocky soils. The subshrub and shrub species took different approaches to foraging in the rocky soil through distinctive trait syndromes of fine-root components.

scholarly journals Genotypic variations in root traits of wheat varieties at phytomer level

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHK Robin ◽  
MJ Uddin ◽  
S Afrin ◽  
PR Paul
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
First Order ◽  
Root Hair Density ◽  
Axis Length

The aims of this study were to investigate genotypic variations in root traits at phytomer level of wheat varieties and for recommending a few root traits as selection parameters in future breeding programs. Two separate experiments were conducted to measure their root traits for hydroponically grown wheat plants. In Experiment 1, main axis length, root hair density and diameter differed from phytomer to phytomer at 60 days after sowing for two varieties, Shotabdi and Sonalika. Density of first order laterals at their axis of origin, dry weights of roots and shoots and root:shoot ratio varied significantly among 8 varieties. In Experiment 2, number of root bearing phytomer, total number of adventitious roots, main axis length at root bearing phytomer 1 and 2 (youngest roots were the reference point and numbered as phytomer 1), length of first order laterals at phytomer 3, root hair density and dry weights of roots and shoots were significantly different among varieties. PC1 (principal component 1) resulted in significant variation among varieties for number of live leaves, new roots appeared, number of root bearing phytomer, total number of adventitious roots, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. PC2 yielded significant difference among varieties for live leaves, main axes length at phytomer 1 & 2, number of new roots, root hair density and diameter. Selection of varieties based on main axes length at the youngest phytomer & root hair density per unit surface area along with dry weights of roots and shoots could be recommended for future breeding program as these four parameters consistently resulted in significant variation among varieties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21238 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 45-54, June 2014

scholarly journals Mammary cell gene expression atlas links epithelial cell remodeling events to breast carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Saeki ◽  
Gregory Chang ◽  
Noriko Kanaya ◽  
Xiwei Wu ◽  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelium ◽  
Gene Expression Atlas ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Atlas ◽  
Cell Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Gene ◽  
Mouse Mammary Epithelium

AbstractThe female mammary epithelium undergoes reorganization during development, pregnancy, and menopause, linking higher risk with breast cancer development. To characterize these periods of complex remodeling, here we report integrated 50 K mouse and 24 K human mammary epithelial cell atlases obtained by single-cell RNA sequencing, which covers most lifetime stages. Our results indicate a putative trajectory that originates from embryonic mammary stem cells which differentiates into three epithelial lineages (basal, luminal hormone-sensing, and luminal alveolar), presumably arising from unipotent progenitors in postnatal glands. The lineage-specific genes infer cells of origin of breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and single-cell RNA sequencing of human breast cancer, as well as the association of gland reorganization to different breast cancer subtypes. This comprehensive mammary cell gene expression atlas (https://mouse-mammary-epithelium-integrated.cells.ucsc.edu) presents insights into the impact of the internal and external stimuli on the mammary epithelium at an advanced resolution.

scholarly journals Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amram Eshel ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch ◽  
Kathleen M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Root Hair Density

Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.

scholarly journals Nitrate induction of root hair density is mediated by TGA1/TGA4 and CPC transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Canales ◽  
Orlando Contreras-López ◽  
José M. Álvarez ◽  
Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Nitrate Induction ◽  
Root Hair Density
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