scholarly journals Engineering spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in liquid-crystal optical cavities

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6466) ◽  
pp. 727-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rechcińska ◽  
Mateusz Król ◽  
Rafał Mazur ◽  
Przemysław Morawiak ◽  
Rafał Mirek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Opposite Parity ◽  
Optical Cavities ◽  
Near Resonance ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

Spin-orbit interactions lead to distinctive functionalities in photonic systems. They exploit the analogy between the quantum mechanical description of a complex electronic spin-orbit system and synthetic Hamiltonians derived for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dedicated spatial structures. We realize an artificial Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in a liquid crystal–filled optical cavity. Three-dimensional tomography in energy-momentum space enabled us to directly evidence the spin-split photon mode in the presence of an artificial spin-orbit coupling. The effect is observed when two orthogonal linear polarized modes of opposite parity are brought near resonance. Engineering of spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in optical cavities opens the door to photonic emulators of quantum Hamiltonians with internal degrees of freedom.

Physics of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Cao ◽  
Lance DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
High Temperature Superconductivity ◽  
Transition Element ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Crystalline Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Exchange ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions ◽  
Strong Spin

Prior to 2010, most research on the physics and chemistry of transition metal oxides was dominated by compounds of the 3d-transition elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. These materials exhibited novel, important phenomena that include giant magnetoresistance in manganites, as well as high-temperature superconductivity in doped La2CuO4 and related cuprates. The discovery in 1994 of an exotic superconducting state in Sr2RuO4 shifted some interest toward ruthenates. Moreover, the realization in 2008 that a novel variant of the classic Mott metal-insulator transition was at play in Sr2IrO4 provided the impetus for a burgeoning group of studies of the influence of strong spin-orbit interactions in “heavy” (4d- and 5d-) transition-element oxides. This book reviews recent experimental and theoretical evidence that the physical and structural properties of 4d- and 5d-oxides are decisively influenced by strong spin-orbit interactions that compete or collaborate with comparable Coulomb, magnetic exchange, and crystalline electric field interactions. The combined effect leads to unusual ground states and magnetic frustration that are unique to this class of materials. Novel couplings between the orbital/lattice and spin degrees of freedom, which lead to unusual types of magnetic order and other exotic phenomena, challenge current theoretical models. Of particular interest are recent investigations of iridates and ruthenates focusing on strong spin-orbit interactions that couple the lattice and spin degrees of freedom.

Current Control of Structural and Physical Properties in Spin-Orbit- Coupled Mott Insulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Gang Cao ◽  
Lance E. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Mott Insulators ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

Electrical current as a means to control structural and related physical properties has been recognized only recently. The application of small electrical currents in sensitive detector and control applications, and in information technologies, is often preferable to other external stimuli. However, until recently it has not been widely accepted that electrical current can readily couple to the lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom. Mounting experimental evidence has indicated that a combination of strong spin-orbit interactions and a distorted crystal structure in magnetic Mott insulators may be sufficient for electrical current to control structural and related properties. Current control of quantum states in 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides has therefore rapidly expanded as a key research topic. This chapter presents two model systems, Ca2RuO4 and Sr2IrO4, in which applied current effectively controls the lattice, and thus the physical properties.

scholarly journals Nonradiating and radiating modes excited by quantum emitters in open epsilon-near-zero cavities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Liberal ◽  
Nader Engheta
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Dielectric Resonators ◽  
Optical Cavities ◽  
Epsilon Near Zero ◽  
Quantum Emitters

Controlling the emission and interaction properties of quantum emitters (QEs) embedded within an optical cavity is a key technique in engineering light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, as well as in the development of quantum information processing. State-of-the-art optical cavities are based on high quality factor photonic crystals and dielectric resonators. However, wealthier responses might be attainable with cavities carved in more exotic materials. We theoretically investigate the emission and interaction properties of QEs embedded in open epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) cavities. Using analytical methods and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that open ENZ cavities present the unique property of supporting nonradiating modes independently of the geometry of the external boundary of the cavity (shape, size, topology, etc.). Moreover, the possibility of switching between radiating and nonradiating modes enables a dynamic control of the emission by, and the interaction between, QEs. These phenomena provide unprecedented degrees of freedom in controlling and trapping fields within optical cavities, as well as in the design of cavity opto- and acoustomechanical systems.

scholarly journals Short-scale quantum kinetic theory including spin–orbit interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ekman ◽  
H. Al-Naseri ◽  
J. Zamanian ◽  
G. Brodin
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Orbit Interaction ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Spin Orbit Interaction ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Quantum Kinetic Theory ◽  
Unmagnetized Plasma ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

Abstract We present a quantum kinetic theory for spin-1/2 particles, including the spin–orbit interaction, retaining particle dispersive effects to all orders in $$\hbar $$ ħ , based on a gauge-invariant Wigner transformation. Compared to previous works, the spin–orbit interaction leads to a new term in the kinetic equation, containing both the electric and magnetic fields. Like other models with spin–orbit interactions, our model features “hidden momentum”. As an example application, we calculate the dispersion relation for linear electrostatic waves in a magnetized plasma, and electromagnetic waves in a unmagnetized plasma. In the former case, we compare the Landau damping due to spin–orbit interactions to that due to the free current. We also discuss our model in relation to previously published works. Graphic abstract

Spin-Orbit Interactions in Ruddlesden-Popper Phases Srn+1IrnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, and ∞)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-76
Author(s):  
Gang Cao ◽  
Lance E. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Magnetic State ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Mott Insulator ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Coulomb Interactions ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

The Ruddlesden-Popper phases Srn+1IrnO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, and ∞) have been intensively studied, and exhibit many novel behaviors and ground states driven by a rare interplay between strong spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions. One key empirical trend is that most iridates are antiferromagnetic insulators, contrary to conventional wisdom. The spin-orbit-coupled Mott state does not always closely track the magnetic state in iridates. Often, chemical doping can effectively induce a metallic state. Defying expectations, Sr2IrO4, which is the prototypical spin-orbit-coupled Mott insulator, does not become superconducting upon electron doping, but remains insulating under applied pressures extending into the Mbar range, highlighting the extraordinary susceptibility to the lattice degrees of freedom, which is at the heart of the physics driving the iridates.

scholarly journals Bosonización de líquidos de Luttinger: interacciones con inversión de spin y acoplamiento spin-órbita

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Carlos Aníbal Iucci
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Harmonic Approximation ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Luttinger Liquids ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

In this thesis we present contributions in the field of the applications of quantum field theories techniques to condensed matter models. In chapter 3 we investigate on the non covariant fermionic determinant and its connection to Luttinger liquids. We address the problem of the regularization of the theory. In chapter 4 we treat spin flipping interactions in the non local Thirring model and we obtain an effective bosonic actions that describe separated spin and charge degrees of freedom. In chapter 4 we apply the self consistent harmonic approximation to previously derived bosonic action and we obtain potential depending equations for the spectrum gap. In chapter 5 we include spin-orbit couplings and compute correlations functions. We show that the spin orbit interactions modify the exponents and the phase diagram of the system and makes new susceptibilities diverge for low temperature. Finally in chapter 6 we summarize the main results and the conclusions.

Spin generation and manipulation based on spin-orbit interaction in semiconductors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Orbit Interaction ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Effective Magnetic Field ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Spin Orbit Interaction ◽  
Spin Degree ◽  
Dimensional Electron Gas ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions ◽  
Electrical Generation

This chapter focuses on the electron spin degree of freedom in semiconductor spintronics. In particular, the electrostatic control of the spin degree of freedom is an advantageous technology over metal-based spintronics. Spin–orbit interaction (SOI), which gives rise to an effective magnetic field. The essence of SOI is that the moving electrons in an electric field feel an effective magnetic field even without any external magnetic field. Rashba spin–orbit interaction is important since the strength is controlled by the gate voltage on top of the semiconductor’s two-dimensional electron gas. By utilizing the effective magnetic field induced by the SOI, spin generation and manipulation are possible by electrostatic ways. The origin of spin-orbit interactions in semiconductors and the electrical generation and manipulation of spins by electrical means are discussed. Long spin coherence is achieved by special spin helix state where both strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI are equal.

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