scholarly journals Regenerative potential of prostate luminal cells revealed by single-cell analysis

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6490) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter R. Karthaus ◽  
Matan Hofree ◽  
Danielle Choi ◽  
Eliot L. Linton ◽  
Mesruh Turkekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Androgen Ablation ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Mouse Prostate ◽  
Human Prostate Tissue ◽  
Luminal Cells ◽  
Original Size

Androgen deprivation is the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment. It results in involution of the normal gland to ~90% of its original size because of the loss of luminal cells. The prostate regenerates when androgen is restored, a process postulated to involve stem cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a rare luminal population in the mouse prostate that expresses stemlike genes (Sca1+ and Psca+) and a large population of differentiated cells (Nkx3.1+, Pbsn+). In organoids and in mice, both populations contribute equally to prostate regeneration, partly through androgen-driven expression of growth factors (Nrg2, Rspo3) by mesenchymal cells acting in a paracrine fashion on luminal cells. Analysis of human prostate tissue revealed similar differentiated and stemlike luminal subpopulations that likewise acquire enhanced regenerative potential after androgen ablation. We propose that prostate regeneration is driven by nearly all persisting luminal cells, not just by rare stem cells.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis as a Promising Tool to Study Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5988
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyu Kim ◽  
Tae Won Ha ◽  
Man Ryul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Level

Cells are the basic units of all organisms and are involved in all vital activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. A human body consists of more than 30 trillion cells generated through repeated division and differentiation from a single-cell fertilized egg in a highly organized programmatic fashion. Since the recent formation of the Human Cell Atlas consortium, establishing the Human Cell Atlas at the single-cell level has been an ongoing activity with the goal of understanding the mechanisms underlying diseases and vital cellular activities at the level of the single cell. In particular, transcriptome analysis of embryonic stem cells at the single-cell level is of great importance, as these cells are responsible for determining cell fate. Here, we review single-cell analysis techniques that have been actively used in recent years, introduce the single-cell analysis studies currently in progress in pluripotent stem cells and reprogramming, and forecast future studies.

scholarly journals Studying human reproductive biology through single-cell analysis and in vitro differentiation of stem cells into germ cell-like cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Risako Yang ◽  
Chenghong Yin ◽  
Kehkooi Kee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Human Reproductive

Abstract BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human reproductive development has been limited by the scarcity of human samples and ethical constraints. Recently, in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into germ cells and single-cell analyses have opened new avenues to directly study human germ cells and identify unique mechanisms in human reproductive development. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The goal of this review is to collate novel findings and insightful discoveries with these new methodologies, aiming at introducing researchers and clinicians to the use of these tools to study human reproductive biology and develop treatments for infertility. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search articles and reviews with the following main keywords: in vitro differentiation, human stem cells, single-cell analysis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, germ cells and other key terms related to these subjects. The search period included all publications from 2000 until now. OUTCOMES Single-cell analyses of human gonads have identified many important gene markers at different developmental stages and in subpopulations of cells. To validate the functional roles of these gene markers, researchers have used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells into germ cells and confirmed that some genetic requirements are unique in human germ cells and are not conserved in mouse models. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory networks and the interaction of germ and somatic cells in gonads were elucidated in these studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Single-cell analyses allow researchers to identify gene markers and potential regulatory networks using limited clinical samples. On the other hand, in vitro differentiation methods provide clinical researchers with tools to examine these newly identify gene markers and study the causative effects of mutations previously associated with infertility. Combining these two methodologies, researchers can identify gene markers and networks which are essential and unique in human reproductive development, thereby producing more accurate diagnostic tools for assessing reproductive disorders and developing treatments for infertility.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Partial Reactivation of X Chromosome instead of Chromosome-wide Dampening in Naive Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Mandal ◽  
Deepshikha Chandel ◽  
Harman Kaur ◽  
Sudeshna Majumdar ◽  
Maniteja Arava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Analysis

scholarly journals Single-Cell Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-337
Author(s):  
Katherine H. M. Sturgess ◽  
Fernando J. Calero-Nieto ◽  
Berthold Göttgens ◽  
Nicola K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

scholarly journals Defining totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Posfai ◽  
John Paul Schell ◽  
Adrian Janiszewski ◽  
Isidora Rovic ◽  
Alexander Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Totipotent Cell

AbstractTotipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all the differentiated cells that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this property in vitro remains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies upon a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here we describe criteria to define totipotency. We illustrate how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in the mouse, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbor increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells under in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals An Information Theoretic, Microfluidic-Based Single Cell Analysis Permits Identification of Subpopulations among Putatively Homogeneous Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Glotzbach ◽  
Michael Januszyk ◽  
Ivan N. Vial ◽  
Victor W. Wong ◽  
Alexander Gelbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic
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