Cognitive map–based navigation in wild bats revealed by a new high-throughput tracking system

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Toledo ◽  
David Shohami ◽  
Ingo Schiffner ◽  
Emmanuel Lourie ◽  
Yotam Orchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Search ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Translocation Experiments ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Track Analysis

Seven decades of research on the “cognitive map,” the allocentric representation of space, have yielded key neurobiological insights, yet field evidence from free-ranging wild animals is still lacking. Using a system capable of tracking dozens of animals simultaneously at high accuracy and resolution, we assembled a large dataset of 172 foraging Egyptian fruit bats comprising >18 million localizations collected over 3449 bat-nights across 4 years. Detailed track analysis, combined with translocation experiments and exhaustive mapping of fruit trees, revealed that wild bats seldom exhibit random search but instead repeatedly forage in goal-directed, long, and straight flights that include frequent shortcuts. Alternative, non–map-based strategies were ruled out by simulations, time-lag embedding, and other trajectory analyses. Our results are consistent with expectations from cognitive map–like navigation and support previous neurobiological evidence from captive bats.

scholarly journals Automated section for milling soil in near-trunk zones of orchard

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01068
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Khort ◽  
Rostislav Filippov ◽  
Igor Smirnov ◽  
Alexey Kutyrev ◽  
Stepan Semichev
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Milling Cutter ◽  
Working Bodies

Machines used in gardens do not fully comply with the quality indicators of tillage, especially in the near-trunk zones of fruit trees. Theoretical analysis made it possible to establish that the preferred protective distance in the aisle of the garden should be at least 0.20 m in each direction, and in the inter-barrel space of the boles along a row of 0.38 m and to establish the optimal width of the extension section of 0.55 m. As a result of the research, an original design of the deflectable milling section of the garden milling cutter with an autonomous hydraulic system was proposed and developed, as working bodies knives with special sharpening are used. The tracking system of the remote section is equipped with a double remote probe, when exposed to which the section is retracted to the required distance to protect the trunk of a tree. The use of a deflectable milling section of a garden milling cutter allows to increase the accuracy and quality indicators of processing in the near-trunk zones of garden plantings, while the density of the soil decreases on average by 24%.

scholarly journals Football player dominant region determined by a novel model based on instantaneous kinematics variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Giuliano Caetano ◽  
Sylvio Barbon Junior ◽  
Ricardo da Silva Torres ◽  
Sergio Augusto Cunha ◽  
Paulo Régis Caron Ruffino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Free Spaces ◽  
System Movement ◽  
Novel Model

AbstractDominant regions are defined as regions of the pitch where a player can reach before any other and are commonly determined without considering the free-spaces in the pitch. We presented an approach to football players’ dominant regions analysis, based on movement models created from players’ positions, displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors. 109 Brazilian male professional football players were analysed during official matches, computing over 15 million positional data obtained by video-based tracking system. Movement models were created based on players’ instantaneous vectorial kinematics variables, then probabilities models and dominant regions were determined. Accuracy in determining dominant regions by the proposed model was tested for different time-lag windows. We calculated the areas of dominant, free-spaces, and Voronoi regions. Mean correct predictions of dominant region were 96.56%, 88.64%, and 72.31% for one, two, and three seconds, respectively. Dominant regions areas were lower than the ones computed by Voronoi, with median values of 73 and 171 m2, respectively. A median value of 5537 m2 was presented for free-space regions, representing a large part of the pitch. The proposed movement model proved to be more realistic, representing the match dynamics and can be a useful method to evaluate the players’ tactical behaviours during matches.

Influence Analysis of CCD Miss-Distance and Corresponding Research of τ Compensatory Technology Based on Finite Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Huang ◽  
Wei Hua Wang ◽  
Tao Zuo
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Phase Margin ◽  
Influence Analysis ◽  
Simple Program ◽  
Finite Memory ◽  
Miss Distance

A series of time lag taches result in miss-distance lag in the coarse tracking system of APT system, which will greatly influence the tracking precision of the whole FSO communication system. In order to provide theory basis for determining the sampling frequency and components with time lag character, the influence on systems stability resulted from phase margin loss caused by miss-distance lag is analyzed in detail. To eliminate the influence caused by miss-distance lag, finite memory based τ Compensatory Technology is put forward, which has characteristics of simple program realization, low CPU overhead and high precision, experiment result shows that miss-distance lag based on τ Compensatory Technology is feasible and effective to practical APT system.

Patients with low back pain use stiffening strategy to compensate for movement control during active prone hip rotation: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Peemongkon Wattananon ◽  
Sheri P. Silfies ◽  
HsingKuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hip Rotation

BACKGROUND: New motor adaptation to pain theory suggests that patients with low back pain (LBP) use the lumbopelvic stiffening strategy by redistribution of within and between muscle activities to protect painful structure. This could result in an altered postural control of the lumbopelvic region during active prone hip rotation (PHR). OBJECTIVE: To investigate coordination and timing of lumbopelvic and hip movements, and smoothness of the lumbopelvic control during PHR between participants with and without LBP. METHODS: Eight participants with LBP and eight participants without LBP were recruited. The electromagnetic tracking system was used to record kinematic data during PHR. Cross-correlation between hip rotation and lumbopelvic movement in the transverse plane was calculated. Correlation at zero time-lag, time-lag, correlation at time-lag, and maximal lumbopelvic motion were derived. Frequency of movement disruption was identified. An independent t-test was used in conjunction with the effect size and 95% minimal detectable difference (MDD95) to determine the difference in kinematic parameters. RESULTS: Participants with LBP demonstrated a significant delay (exceeding MDD95) in lumbopelvic motion while nonsignificant frequency of disrupted motion on the painful side PHR demonstrated a trend with a large effect size that exceeded MDD95. There were trends with moderate to large effect sizes and differences exceeding MDD95 in delay of lumbopelvic motion with greater movement disruption on the nonpainful side in participants with LBP. CONCLUSION: Participants with LBP used a lumbopelvic stiffening strategy for postural control to protect painful structures; however, the stiffening might complicate efforts to smoothly control lumbopelvic movement.

scholarly journals Histological findings of sperm storage in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) oviduct

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyo Kitayama ◽  
Jumpei Tomiyasu ◽  
Hiroki Bochimoto ◽  
Satomi Kondo ◽  
Kazuyuki Tokuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractGreen turtles (Chelonia mydas) are seasonal breeders with a time lag between mating and nesting periods. We therefore investigated whether female turtles store sperm like some other animals by histologically and ultrastructurally analyzing oviducts collected from three mature female free-ranging green turtles during the breeding season in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The oviduct comprised an infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Sperm was found in the isthmus of all turtles examined. Some spermatozoa were found in the duct and acini of glands in the isthmus of two turtles with oviducts containing eggs, and a few were also located in the transition area between the uterus and vagina of one of the turtles. On the other hand, we also found abundant spermatozoa on the luminal surface of the isthmus of one turtle captured during mating. In most reptiles, fertilization occurs in the infundibulum or albumen region, and thus the isthmus near those areas might be suitable for storing sperm in female turtles.

Cross-Lagged Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Self-Construal, and Happiness in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Daniela Moza ◽  
Laurențiu Maricuțoiu ◽  
Alin Gavreliuc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Independent Person

Abstract. Previous research established that an independent construal of the self is associated with higher self-esteem, which, in turn, is associated with increased happiness. Regarding the directionality of these relationships, theoretical arguments have suggested that self-construal precedes self-esteem and that self-esteem precedes happiness. However, most research in this area is cross-sectional, thus limiting any conclusions about directionality. The present study tested these relationships in 101 Romanian undergraduates using a 3-wave cross-lagged design with a 6-month time lag between every two waves. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem is an antecedent of both happiness and dimensions of independent self-construal (i.e., consistency vs. variability and self-expression vs. harmony). In other words, one’s positive evaluation of self-worth precedes one’s self-perception as being a happy and independent person. The findings are discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and suggestions for future research.

Relationships Between Bidirectional Work-Family Interactions and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Chao Zhang ◽  
Oi Ling Siu ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Direct Model ◽  
Work Family

This study investigated the direct, reversed, and reciprocal relationships between bidirectional work-family conflict/work-family facilitation and psychological well-being (PWB). We administered a three-wave questionnaire survey to 260 married Chinese employees using a time lag of one month. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling analysis was conducted and demonstrated that the direct model was better than the reversed causal or the reciprocal model. Specifically, work-to-family conflict at Time 1 negatively predicted PWB at Time 2, and work-to-family conflict at Time 2 negatively predicted PWB at Time 3; further, work-to-family facilitation at Time 1 positively predicted PWB at Time 2. In addition, family-to-work facilitation at Time 1 positively predicted PWB at Time 2, and family-to-work conflict at Time 2 negatively predicted PWB at Time 3.

An eye tracking system for analysis of pilots' scan paths.

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Wetzel ◽  
Gretchen Krueger-Anderson ◽  
Christine Poprik ◽  
Peter Bascom
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Scan Paths
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