scholarly journals Direct observation of changing NOx lifetime in North American cities

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6466) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Laughner ◽  
Ronald C. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
North American ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Urban Plume ◽  
American Cities

NOx lifetime relates nonlinearly to its own concentration; therefore, by observing how NOx lifetime changes with changes in its concentration, inferences can be made about the dominant chemistry occurring in an urban plume. We used satellite observations of NO2 from a new high-resolution product to show that NOx lifetime in approximately 30 North American cities has changed between 2005 and 2014 in a manner consistent with our understanding of NOx chemistry.

IMMIGRATION AND NORTH AMERICAN CITIES

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gober
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Cities

Direct observation of flux-creep in high-Tc superconductors using the high-resolution Faraday effect

1992 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Koblischka ◽  
Th. Schuster ◽  
B. Ludescher ◽  
H. Kronmüller
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Flux Creep ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc

scholarly journals A global satellite-assisted precipitation climatology

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Funk ◽  
A. Verdin ◽  
J. Michaelsen ◽  
P. Peterson ◽  
D. Pedreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Climatology ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite ◽  
Observation Networks

Abstract. Accurate representations of mean climate conditions, especially in areas of complex terrain, are an important part of environmental monitoring systems. As high-resolution satellite monitoring information accumulates with the passage of time, it can be increasingly useful in efforts to better characterize the earth's mean climatology. Current state-of-the-science products rely on complex and sometimes unreliable relationships between elevation and station-based precipitation records, which can result in poor performance in food and water insecure regions with sparse observation networks. These vulnerable areas (like Ethiopia, Afghanistan, or Haiti) are often the critical regions for humanitarian drought monitoring. Here, we show that long period of record geo-synchronous and polar-orbiting satellite observations provide a unique new resource for producing high-resolution (0.05°) global precipitation climatologies that perform reasonably well in data-sparse regions. Traditionally, global climatologies have been produced by combining station observations and physiographic predictors like latitude, longitude, elevation, and slope. While such approaches can work well, especially in areas with reasonably dense observation networks, the fundamental relationship between physiographic variables and the target climate variables can often be indirect and spatially complex. Infrared and microwave satellite observations, on the other hand, directly monitor the earth's energy emissions. These emissions often correspond physically with the location and intensity of precipitation. We show that these relationships provide a good basis for building global climatologies. We also introduce a new geospatial modeling approach based on moving window regressions and inverse distance weighting interpolation. This approach combines satellite fields, gridded physiographic indicators, and in situ climate normals. The resulting global 0.05° monthly precipitation climatology, the Climate Hazards Group's Precipitation Climatology version 1 (CHPclim v.1.0, doi:10.15780/G2159X), is shown to compare favorably with similar global climatology products, especially in areas with complex terrain and low station densities.

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