The neurobiology of language beyond single-word processing

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Neurobiological Model ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
Multiple Network

In this Review, I propose a multiple-network view for the neurobiological basis of distinctly human language skills. A much more complex picture of interacting brain areas emerges than in the classical neurobiological model of language. This is because using language is more than single-word processing, and much goes on beyond the information given in the acoustic or orthographic tokens that enter primary sensory cortices. This requires the involvement of multiple networks with functionally nonoverlapping contributions.

Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Processing of Singe Words

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Petersen ◽  
Peter T. Fox ◽  
Michael I. Posner ◽  
Mark Mintun ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Positron Emission Tomographic ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Flow Change ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Premotor Areas

PET images of blood flow change that were averaged across individuals were used to identify brain areas related to lexical (single-word) processing, A small number of discrete areas were activated during several task conditions including: modality-specific (auditory or visual) areas activated by passive word input, primary motor and premotor areas during speech output, and yet further areas during tasks making semantic or intentional demands.

Engaging regularly with fiction influences connectivity in cortical areas for language and mentalizing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel M. Willems ◽  
Franziska Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Amount Of Reading

Behavioral evidence suggests that engaging with fiction is positively correlated with social abilities. The rationale behind this link is that engaging with fictional narratives offers a ‘training modus’ for mentalizing and empathizing. We investigated the influence of the amount of reading that participants report doing in their daily lives, on connections between brain areas while they listened to literary narratives. Participants (N=57) listened to two literary narratives while brain activation was measured with fMRI. We computed time-course correlations between brain regions, and compared the correlation values from listening to narratives to listening to reversed speech. The between-region correlations were then related to the amount of fiction that participants read in their daily lives. Our results show that amount of fiction reading is related to functional connectivity in areas known to be involved in language and mentalizing. This suggests that reading fiction influences social cognition as well as language skills.

Influence of Communicative Competence on Peer Preferences in a Preschool Classroom

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L. Gertner ◽  
Mabel L. Rice ◽  
Pamela A. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Preschool Classroom ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
Peer Popularity

Recent research suggests that children’s linguistic competence may play a central role in establishing social acceptance. That possibility was evaluated by examining children’s peer relationships in a preschool classroom attended by children with varying degrees of communication ability. Three groups of children were compared: children with normally developing language skills (ND), children with speech and/or language impairments (S/LI), and children learning English as a second language (ESL). Two sociometric tasks were used to measure peer popularity: positive nominations and negative nominations. Children in the ND group received more positive nominations than the children in either the ESL or S/LI groups. When the children’s positive and negative nominations were combined to classify them as Liked, Disliked, Low Impact, or Mixed, the ND children predominated in the Liked cell, whereas the other two groups of children fell into the Disliked or Low Impact cells. In addition, the PPVT-R, a receptive measure of single-word vocabulary, was found to be the best predictor of peer popularity. The findings are discussed in terms of a social consequences account of language limitations.

scholarly journals The potential for genetic adaptations to language

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pagel ◽  
Quentin D. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Human Language ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
Learning And Performance

AbstractWe suggest there is somewhat more potential than Christiansen & Chater (C&C) allow for genetic adaptations specific to language. Our uniquely cooperative social system requires sophisticated language skills. Learning and performance of some culturally transmitted elements in animals is genetically based, and we give examples of features of human language that evolve slowly enough that genetic adaptations to them may arise.

Age-related differences in beta engagement during single word processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250-1260
Author(s):  
Anna E. Middleton ◽  
Julie M. Schneider ◽  
Mandy J. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Age Related

Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing

Nature ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 331 (6157) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Petersen ◽  
P. T. Fox ◽  
M. I. Posner ◽  
M. Mintun ◽  
M. E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Positron Emission Tomographic ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Positron Emission

Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy und die Sprachverkörperung der Gesellschaft

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-47
Author(s):  
Roland Tasch
Keyword(s):  
Human Heart ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Linguistic Dimension

AbstractThis article intends to disclose the linguistic dimension in the work of Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy. At first sight, his work might seem an encyclopaedia of all kinds of reasonable ideas and methods. At closer inspection however, one finds in it an ineluctable order of alternating passions of the human heart, which reveal themselves in the human language. As in articulate language one word calls for the next, so does every one of our passions call for the next. The deeper and truer it is, the more urgently does it call. For such is the nature of man, that his heart never wholly loses itself in one single word or passion. On it goes from one devotion to the next, not because it is ashamed of its first touch, but because it must be on fire perpetually. Therefore man has to use his creative skills. Because if the heart of man does not fall in love any longer with somebody or something, it falls ill.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pena Persada ◽  
SILPIA RAHAYU
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Human Language

Language is all around us. Language allows us to share complicated thoughts, negotiate agreements, and make communal plans. Our learning, our courting, our fighting — all are mediated by language. You can think of language as a technology — humans manipulate their bodies to produce sounds, gestures, and appearances that encode messages using a shared system. How then does the technology of language work? Answering this question is surprisingly hard; our language skills are automatic and therefore hard to reflect upon. Nevertheless, throughout the centuries, scholars have devised ways to study human language, although there is still much more research to be done and many mysteries to explore. The field of scholarship that tries to answer the question "How does language work?" is called linguistics, and the scholars who study it are called linguist. This book contains various aspects of Linguistics. Started from the understanding of Linguistics, until the kinds of Linguistics. Students are expected to be able to understand Linguistics after they read this book.

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