scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides: Application informed by evolution

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6490) ◽  
pp. eaau5480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Lazzaro ◽  
Michael Zasloff ◽  
Jens Rolff
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Collateral Harm ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of immune defenses of multicellular organisms and are currently in development as anti-infective drugs. AMPs have been classically assumed to have broad-spectrum activity and simple kinetics, but recent evidence suggests an unexpected degree of specificity and a high capacity for synergies. Deeper evaluation of the molecular evolution and population genetics of AMP genes reveals more evidence for adaptive maintenance of polymorphism in AMP genes than has previously been appreciated, as well as adaptive loss of AMP activity. AMPs exhibit pharmacodynamic properties that reduce the evolution of resistance in target microbes, and AMPs may synergize with one another and with conventional antibiotics. Both of these properties make AMPs attractive for translational applications. However, if AMPs are to be used clinically, it is crucial to understand their natural biology in order to lessen the risk of collateral harm and avoid the crisis of resistance now facing conventional antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Avenue for Human Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish M. Bhopale
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Human Healthcare ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity ◽  
Promising Avenue

Antimicrobial drugs resistant microbes have been observed worldwide and therefore alternative development of antimicrobial peptides has gained interest in human healthcare. Enormous progress has been made in the development of antimicrobial peptide during the last decade due to major advantages of AMPs such as broad-spectrum activity and low levels of induced resistance over the current antimicrobial agents. This review briefly provides various categories of AMP, their physicochemical properties and mechanism of action which governs their penetration into microbial cell. Further, the recent information on current status of antimicrobial peptide development, their applications and perspective in human healthcare are also described.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins: alternatives to traditional antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Sang ◽  
Frank Blecha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Recent Attention

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous, gene-encoded natural antibiotics that have gained recent attention in the search for new antimicrobials to combat infectious disease. In multicellular organisms, AMPs, such as defensins and cathelicidins, provide a coordinated protective response against infection and are a principal component of innate immunity in vertebrates. In unicellular organisms, AMPs, such as bacteriocins, function to suppress competitor species. Because many AMPs kill bacteria by disruption of membrane integrity and are thus thought to be less likely to induce resistance, AMPs are being extensively evaluated as novel antimicrobial drugs. This review summarizes and discusses the antibiotic properties of AMPs highlighting their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics.

Antimicrobial peptides isolated from the blood of farm animals

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak-Lam Yu ◽  
Danitsja S. van der Linden ◽  
Haryadi Sugiarto ◽  
Rachel C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The development of antimicrobial resistance by pathogenic bacteria has fuelled the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be used as new antimicrobial substances because they have low minimum inhibitory concentration in vitro, have broad-spectrum activity, neutralise lipopolysaccharides, promote wound healing and have synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics. Farm animals, in particular the blood that is a by-product of the meat and poultry industries, are an abundant, and currently underutilised, source of such antimicrobial peptides. These antimicrobial peptides could be isolated and developed into high-value products such as biopreservatives, topical neutraceutical products and pharmaceuticals. There have been some clinical trials of antimicrobial peptides as pharmaceutical products, but up to now, the trials have shown disappointing results. Further research and development is still needed before such peptides can be commercialised and full advantage taken of this waste product of the meat and poultry industries.

scholarly journals Towards Robust Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides to Combat Bacterial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Drayton ◽  
Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu ◽  
Suzana K. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Peptide Modification ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Site Release ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), otherwise known as host defence peptides (HDPs), are naturally occurring biomolecules expressed by a large array of species across the phylogenetic kingdoms. They have great potential to combat microbial infections by directly killing or inhibiting bacterial activity and/or by modulating the immune response of the host. Due to their multimodal properties, broad spectrum activity, and minimal resistance generation, these peptides have emerged as a promising response to the rapidly concerning problem of multidrug resistance (MDR). However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by a number of factors, including rapid degradation, systemic toxicity, and low bioavailability. As such, many strategies have been developed to mitigate these limitations, such as peptide modification and delivery vehicle conjugation/encapsulation. Oftentimes, however, particularly in the case of the latter, this can hinder the activity of the parent AMP. Here, we review current delivery strategies used for AMP formulation, focusing on methodologies utilized for targeted infection site release of AMPs. This specificity unites the improved biocompatibility of the delivery vehicle with the unhindered activity of the free AMP, providing a promising means to effectively translate AMP therapy into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Predicting drug resistance evolution: insights from antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1874) ◽  
pp. 20172687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhi Yu ◽  
Desiree Y. Baeder ◽  
Roland R. Regoes ◽  
Jens Rolff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Medical Microbiology ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Antibiotic resistance constitutes one of the most pressing public health concerns. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of multicellular organisms are considered part of a solution to this problem, and AMPs produced by bacteria such as colistin are last-resort drugs. Importantly, AMPs differ from many antibiotics in their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Here we implement these differences within a theoretical framework to predict the evolution of resistance against AMPs and compare it to antibiotic resistance. Our analysis of resistance evolution finds that pharmacodynamic differences all combine to produce a much lower probability that resistance will evolve against AMPs. The finding can be generalized to all drugs with pharmacodynamics similar to AMPs. Pharmacodynamic concepts are familiar to most practitioners of medical microbiology, and data can be easily obtained for any drug or drug combination. Our theoretical and conceptual framework is, therefore, widely applicable and can help avoid resistance evolution if implemented in antibiotic stewardship schemes or the rational choice of new drug candidates.

scholarly journals FISH MUCUS: A NEGLECTED RESERVOIR FOR ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okella Hedmon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Fish Mucus ◽  
Word Search ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

Antimicrobial resistance has posed a great global burden, with the fear that by 2050 it would have killed more people than cancer if nothing much is done about it. Alongside several attempts in place, zoo-therapy is becoming one of important remedies in the modern society, with hope for solution believed to be hidden in nature. In this study, the authors present a review of journal articles and reports obtained through key word search of several literature databases on recent developments in the battle against the antimicrobial resistance using fish derived antimicrobial peptides. The findings indicate despite some limitations of these antimicrobial peptides, their very broad spectrum activity against pathogens keeps them among  promising antibiotics as far as the battle against multidrug resistance is concerned. Much as various methods to study antimicrobial peptides do exist, fish mucus remains less explored. The study recommends aquatic habitat exploration in search for novel bacterial antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals Short Cationic Peptidomimetic Antimicrobials

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppusamy ◽  
Willcox ◽  
Black ◽  
Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

The rapid growth of antimicrobial resistance against several frontline antibiotics has encouraged scientists worldwide to develop new alternatives with unique mechanisms of action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their rapid killing and broad-spectrum activity. Peptidomimetics overcome some of the obstacles of AMPs such as high cost of synthesis, short half-life in vivo due to their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, and issues with toxicity. This review will examine the development of short cationic peptidomimetics as antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Predicting drug resistance evolution: insights from antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhi Yu ◽  
Desiree Y Baeder ◽  
Roland R Regoes ◽  
Jens Rolff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Medical Microbiology ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

AbstractAntibiotic resistance constitutes one of the most pressing public health concerns. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms are considered part of a solution to this problem, and AMPs produced by bacteria such as colistin are last resort drugs. Importantly, antimicrobial peptides differ from many antibiotics in their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Here we implement these differences within a theoretical framework to predict the evolution of resistance against antimicrobial peptides and compare it to antibiotic resistance. Our analysis of resistance evolution finds that pharmacodynamic differences all combine to produce a much lower probability that resistance will evolve against antimicrobial peptides. The finding can be generalized to all drugs with pharmacodynamics similar to AMPs. Pharmacodynamic concepts are familiar to most practitioners of medical microbiology, and data can be easily obtained for any drug or drug combination. Our theoretical and conceptual framework is therefore widely applicable and can help avoid resistance evolution if implemented in antibiotic stewardship schemes or the rational choice of new drug candidates.

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