scholarly journals Composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene: An outlook

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6414) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Kinloch ◽  
Jonghwan Suhr ◽  
Jun Lou ◽  
Robert J. Young ◽  
Pulickel M. Ajayan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Impact

Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene additives have long been considered as exciting prospects among nanotechnology applications. However, after nearly two decades of work in the area, questions remain about the practical impact of nanotube and graphene composites. This uncertainty stems from factors that include poor load transfer, interfacial engineering, dispersion, and viscosity-related issues that lead to processing challenges in such nanocomposites. Moreover, there has been little effort to identify selection rules for the use of nanotubes or graphene in composite matrices for specific applications. This review is a critical look at the status of composites for developing high-strength, low-density, high-conductivity materials with nanotubes or graphene. An outlook of the different approaches that can lead to practically useful nanotube and graphene composites is presented, pointing out the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field.

Electrically conductive composites via infiltration of single-walled carbon nanotube-based aerogels

2010 ◽  
Vol 1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A Worsley ◽  
Joshua D. Kuntz ◽  
Sergei Kucheyev ◽  
Alex V Hamza ◽  
Joe H Satcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

AbstractMany challenges remain in the effort to realize the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in composite materials. Here, we report on electrically conductive composites fabricated via infiltration of CNT-based aerogels. The ultra low-density, high conductivity, and extraordinary robustness of the CNT aerogels make them ideal scaffolds around which to create conductive composites. Infiltrating the aerogels with various insulating materials (e.g. epoxy and silica) resulted in composites with electrical conductivities over 1 Scm-1 with as little as 1 vol% nanotube content. The electrical conductivity observed in the composites was remarkably close to that of the CNT scaffold in all cases.

The influence of functionalization time of carbon nanotube on the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Zakharychev ◽  
EN Razov ◽  
Yu D Semchikov ◽  
NS Zakharycheva ◽  
MA Kabina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper investigates the structure, length, and percentage of functional groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) depending on the time taken for functionalization in HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture. The carbon nanotube content and influence of functionalization time on mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on epoxy matrix are studied. The extreme dependencies of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube functionalization time of polymer composites were established. The rise in tensile strength of obtained composites reaches 102% and elastic modulus reaches 227% as compared to that of unfilled polymer. The composites exhibited best mechanical properties by including carbon nanotube with 0.5 h functionalization time.

Flipping Carbon Nanotubes to Continuously Produce Strong, Transparent, Multifunctional Sheets

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Shaoli Fang ◽  
Anvar A. Zakhidov ◽  
Sergey B. Lee ◽  
Ali E. Aliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nanotube Arrays

We demonstrate carbon nanotube assembly by cooperatively rotating carbon nanotubes in vertically-oriented nanotube arrays (forests) and make 5-centimeter-wide, meter-long transparent sheets. These self-supporting nanotube sheets are initially formed as a highly anisotropic electronically conducting aerogel that can be densified into strong sheets that are as thin as 50 nanometers. The measured gravimetric strength of orthogonally oriented sheet arrays exceeds that of high strength steel sheet.

The Effect of Nanotube Waviness and Agglomeration on the Elastic Property of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Li Shi ◽  
Xi-Qiao Feng ◽  
Yonggang Y. Huang ◽  
Keh-Chih Hwang ◽  
Huajian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Stiffening Effect

Owing to their superior mechanical and physical properties, carbon nanotubes seem to hold a great promise as an ideal reinforcing material for composites of high-strength and low-density. In most of the experimental results up to date, however, only modest improvements in the strength and stiffness have been achieved by incorporating carbon nanotubes in polymers. In the present paper, the stiffening effect of carbon nanotubes is quantitatively investigated by micromechanics methods. Especially, the effects of the extensively observed waviness and agglomeration of carbon nanotubes are examined theoretically. The Mori-Tanaka effective-field method is first employed to calculate the effective elastic moduli of composites with aligned or randomly oriented straight nanotubes. Then, a novel micromechanics model is developed to consider the waviness or curviness effect of nanotubes, which are assumed to have a helical shape. Finally, the influence of nanotube agglomeration on the effective stiffness is analyzed. Analytical expressions are derived for the effective elastic stiffness of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites with the effects of waviness and agglomeration. It is found that these two mechanisms may reduce the stiffening effect of nanotubes significantly. The present study not only provides the relationship between the effective properties and the morphology of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites, but also may be useful for improving and tailoring the mechanical properties of nanotube composites.

CARBON NANOTUBE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 897-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING GUO ◽  
SIYURANGA O. KOSWATTA ◽  
NEOPHYTOS NEOPHYTOU ◽  
MARK LUNDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Device Physics ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Device Technology

This paper discusses the device physics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). After reviewing the status of device technology, we use results of our numerical simulations to discuss the physics of CNTFETs emphasizing the similarities and differences with traditional FETs. The discussion shows that our understanding of CNTFET device physics has matured to the point where experiments can be explained and device designs optimized. The paper concludes with some thoughts on challenges and opportunities for CNTFET electronics.

CVD synthesis of few-walled carbon nanotubes for creating high-strength untwisted carbon nanotube yarn

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018.26 (0) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Kouichi OKUMO ◽  
Tae Sung KIM ◽  
Kazuhiko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Atsushi HOSOI ◽  
Hiroyuki KAWADA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cvd Synthesis ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon Nanotube Fabric-Based Composites for Development of Multifunctional Structures

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 3123-3132
Author(s):  
Michael B. Jakubinek ◽  
Yadienka Martinez-Rubi ◽  
Behnam Ashrafi ◽  
Nicholas Gumienny-Matsuo ◽  
Daesun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
One Step

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess impressive properties along with low density. Integration of CNTs in the form of fabrics or other preformed assemblies simplifies their handling and allows for the higher CNT content needed to better leverage their properties in multifunctional structures. Here we describe production of non-woven CNT-polyurethane fabrics made from industrial-grade CNTs via a one-step filtration method. Individual sheets were scaled to 30 cm x 30 cm size and subsequently used to fabricate thicker composites, including via lamination with itself to produce simple panels and with other materials to further tailor the nanocomposite properties and address several example applications including electrical heating, fire resistance, electromagnetic shielding, and a skin for stretchable morphing structures.

Enhancing the Piezoresistance Senstivity and Repeatability of Carbon Nanotube/Silicone Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiang Zhang ◽  
Long Ba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Percolation Network

The nanocomposites of carbon nanotube/polymer have been studied to explore their piezoresistance properties, which can be used as smart materials in the fields like biomedical engineering, robotic engineering, and advanced instrumentation. The differences in piezoresistance behavior of the previous studies were explained by the less uniformity of carbon nanotubes. To clarify the resistance versus deformation relations for carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composite materials, we have fabricated composite materials with various nanotube and carbon black contents. The measurements show that the resistance versus deformation sensitive range is depends on both the content of nanotube and carbon black, while the tiny variation of content of the carbon black affects largely the total piezoresistance sensitivity and repeatability. The experiment shows that adequate amount of carbon balck mixed with carbon nanotube can improve the piezoresistance repeatability. The deformation induced variation of the conducting percolation network shall be the dominating mechanism for the piezoresistance behavior of carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites.

scholarly journals Specific Bending and Compressive Strenght of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-CNT Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 993-996
Author(s):  
P. Zygoń ◽  
Z. Nitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Specific Strength

Abstract Carbon nanotubes are one of the strongest materials of unique mechanical, optical, electrical and electronic properties. Because of that they are mainly used as semiconductor materials constituting the reinforcing phase in composite materials. The paper presents properties of polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) containing various mixtures of dispersion. Produced composites featured various content carbon nanotubes: 20%, 30%, 40% i 50%. Macroscopic observations were carried out on ready to check composites, if pores exist in the structure and whether the reinforcement has been distributed in the entire volume. Bending and compressive strengths tests were performed and densities of individual composites were measured to determine the specific strength. Composite materials strengthened with carbon nanotubes feature a very low density and a very good mechanical strength, which makes them a good structural material.

Micro- and Nano-Indentation of a Hydroxyapatite-Carbon Nanotube Composite

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3936-3941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Kealley ◽  
Bruno A. Latella ◽  
Arie van Riessen ◽  
Margaret M. Elcombe ◽  
Besim Ben-Nissan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Graphite Phase ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite

The mechanical properties of pure synthetic hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-carbon nanotube composites were examined. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation using a Berkovich tipped indenter were used to determine the hardness, fracture toughness and Young's modulus of the pure hydroxyapatite matrix and the composite materials. Microscopy showed that for the composites produced the carbon nanotubes were present as discrete clumps. These clumps induced a detrimental effect on the hardness of the materials, while the fracture toughness values were not affected. This would be undesirable in terms of using the material for biomedical implant applications. It should be noted that the carbon nanotubes used contained free graphite. As the properties of the composite materials studied were not greatly improved over the matrix, it is speculated that if the graphite phase were removed from the reagent, this could in-turn enhance the properties of the material.

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