Glass shield may protect water bears from dehydration

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Water Bears

scholarly journals ON WATER BEARS

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Water Bears

scholarly journals Tips and tricks how to culture water bears: simple protocols for culturing eutardigrades (Tardigrada) under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-465
Author(s):  
M. Roszkowska ◽  
D. Wojciechowska ◽  
H. Kmita ◽  
S. Cerbin ◽  
M. K. Dziuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tips And Tricks ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Water Bears

scholarly journals Cellular morphology of leg musculature in the water bear Hypsibius exemplaris (Tardigrada) unravels serial homologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 191159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gross ◽  
Georg Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Water Bears

Tardigrades (water bears) are microscopic, segmented ecdysozoans with four pairs of legs. Lobopodous limbs that are similar to those seen in tardigrades are hypothesized to represent the ancestral state of Panarthropoda (Tardigrada + Onychophora + Arthropoda), and their evolutionary history is important to our understanding of ecdysozoan evolution. Equally important is our understanding of the functional morphology of these legs, which requires knowledge of their musculature. Tardigrade musculature is well documented but open questions remain. For example, while the muscular organization of each trunk segment and its legs is unique, three of the four trunk segments are nevertheless relatively homonomous. To what extent, then, do leg muscles show segmental patterns? Specifically, which leg muscles are serially repeated and which are unique? The present study addresses these questions using a combination of techniques intended to visualize both the overall layout and fine structure of leg muscles in the eutardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris . In doing so, we propose serial homologies for all leg muscles in each of the four legs and reveal new details of their cellular structure and attachment sites. We compare our results to those of previous studies and address the functional implications of specialized muscle cell morphologies.

Evolution of pigment-dispersing factor neuropeptides in panarthropoda: Insights from onychophora (velvet worms) and tardigrada (water bears)

2015 ◽  
Vol 523 (13) ◽  
pp. 1865-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Mayer ◽  
Lars Hering ◽  
Juliane M. Stosch ◽  
Paul A. Stevenson ◽  
Heinrich Dircksen
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
Velvet Worms ◽  
Water Bears

Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part III: North America and Greenland

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4203 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK ◽  
ŁUKASZ MICHALCZYK ◽  
SANDRA J. MCINNES
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Water Bears

This paper is the third monograph of the series that describes the global records of limno-terrestrial water bears (Tardigrada). Here, we provide a comprehensive list of non-marine tardigrades recorded from the North America, providing an updated and revised taxonomy accompanied by geographic co-ordinates, habitat, and biogeographic comments. It is hoped this work will serve as a reference point and background for further zoogeographical and taxonomical studies. 

scholarly journals Water bears and water loss: Tardigrades and anhydrobiosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Kinchin
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
International Community ◽  
Community Of Researchers ◽  
Water Bears

The Phylum Tardigrada consists of about 900 known species of microscopic animals that are often referred to by their endearing popular names, water bears or moss piglets (translated from the German expressions Wasser Bär and Mooschweinchen). The group is considered a sister group to the arthropods, with animals typically less than 0.5 mm in length1. As tardigrades are of no direct medi cal or agricultural importance, their study is confined to a small, but highly productive, international community of researchers.

scholarly journals Differential mechanisms of tolerance to extreme environmental conditions in tardigrades

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dido Carrero ◽  
José G. Pérez-Silva ◽  
Víctor Quesada ◽  
Carlos López-Otín
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Water Bears

Abstract Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are small aquatic animals that inhabit marine, fresh water or limno-terrestrial environments. While all tardigrades require surrounding water to grow and reproduce, species living in limno-terrestrial environments (e.g. Ramazzottius varieornatus) are able to undergo almost complete dehydration by entering an arrested state known as anhydrobiosis, which allows them to tolerate ionic radiation, extreme temperatures and intense pressure. Previous studies based on comparison of the genomes of R. varieornatus and Hypsibius dujardini - a less tolerant tardigrade - have pointed to potential mechanisms that may partially contribute to their remarkable ability to resist extreme physical conditions. In this work, we have further annotated the genomes of both tardigrades using a guided approach in search for novel mechanisms underlying the extremotolerance of R. varieornatus. We have found specific amplifications of several genes, including MRE11 and XPC, and numerous missense variants exclusive of R. varieornatus in CHEK1, POLK, UNG and TERT, all of them involved in important pathways for DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Taken collectively, these results point to genomic features that may contribute to the enhanced ability to resist extreme environmental conditions shown by R. varieornatus.

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