scholarly journals IgG antibodies to dengue enhanced for FcγRIIIA binding determine disease severity

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 355 (6323) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taia T. Wang ◽  
Jaturong Sewatanon ◽  
Matthew J. Memoli ◽  
Jens Wrammert ◽  
Stylianos Bournazos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg1 Subclass

Dengue virus (DENV) infection in the presence of reactive, non-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) (RNNIg) is the greatest risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Progression to DHF/DSS is attributed to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE); however, because only a fraction of infections occurring in the presence of RNNIg advance to DHF/DSS, the presence of RNNIg alone cannot account for disease severity. We discovered that DHF/DSS patients respond to infection by producing IgGs with enhanced affinity for the activating Fc receptor FcγRIIIA due to afucosylated Fc glycans and IgG1 subclass. RNNIg enriched for afucosylated IgG1 triggered platelet reduction in vivo and was a significant risk factor for thrombocytopenia. Thus, therapeutics and vaccines restricting production of afucosylated, IgG1 RNNIg during infection may prevent ADE of DENV disease.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis IgM and gG antibodies and associated risk factors of among positive and negative HIV women attending consultation at the Mbouo-Banjoun Presbyterian Hospital West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Fonkeng Sama ◽  
Michel Noubom ◽  
Romeo Joël Nguekam ◽  
Solange Dabou ◽  
Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in the genitourinary tract is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide. Genital chlamydial infection has a huge impact on sexual and reproductive health, and it is very common in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalance and risk factors for C. trachomatisinfection in women seeking medical care in the locality of Mbouo-BanjounWest Region of Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital based study from November 2016 to June 2017 in which we recruited 204 consenting women aged 18 to 55 years. A questionnaire was administered to study participants and potential risk factors for Chlamydia exposure sought. Venous blood was collected and serum from each participant analysed for C. trachomatis infection as evidenced by positive anti-C. trachomatisIgG and IgM antibodies detected using the Sandwich Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The proportion of anti-C. trachomatis antibody was calculated and predictors of C. trachomatis infection analysed by univariate and multivariate regression. Epi-Info 7 was used for statistical analyses. A p < 0.05 was considered significant in all analyses. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-C. trachomatisantibodies (IgM or IgG) was found to be62.25% [127/204]. Among seropositive women, 37.15% [77/204] were seropositive for IgG antibodies while 47.54% [97/204] were seropositive for IgM antibodies and 23.04% [47/204] where seropositive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Among the risk factors evaluated, marital status (P= 0.03) and knowledge of Chlamydia (P= 0.001) were observed to be an independent risk factor of C. trachomatisinfection. Conclusions: Our findings suggest recent C. trachomatisexposure is high in our study population, and may constitute a significant risk factor for, ocular and pulmonary infection in new born child, infertility to women. Education and screening of HIV-positive individuals and pregnant women for C. trachomatisinfection may be important primary prevention strategies in this population.

scholarly journals Maternal Immunity and Vaccination Influence Disease Severity in Progeny in a Novel Mast Cell-Deficient Mouse Model of Severe Dengue

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Chinmay Kumar Mantri ◽  
Gayathri Soundarajan ◽  
Wilfried A. A. Saron ◽  
Abhay P. S. Rathore ◽  
Sylvie Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Dependent Model

Sub-neutralizing concentrations of antibodies in dengue infected patients is a major risk factor for the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Here, we describe a mouse model with a deficiency in mast cells (MCs) in addition to a deficiency in Type-I and II IFN receptors for studying dengue virus (DENV) infection. We used this model to understand the influence of MCs in a maternal antibody-dependent model of severe dengue, where offspring born to DENV-immune mothers are challenged with a heterologous DENV serotype. Mice lacking both MCs and IFN receptors were found susceptible to primary DENV infection and showed morbidity and mortality. When these mice were immunized, pups born to DENV-immune mothers were found to be protected for a longer duration from a heterologous DENV challenge. In the absence of MCs and type-I interferon signaling, IFN-γ was found to protect pups born to naïve mothers but had the opposite effect on pups born to DENV-immune mothers. Our results highlight the complex interactions between MCs and IFN-signaling in influencing the role of maternal antibodies in DENV-induced disease severity.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Dengue: Dawn of a New Era

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
New Era ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Toll Receptor

Dengue virus (DENV) infections of humans were long thought to be self-limited and of low mortality. Beginning in the 1950s, at the time when four different DENVs were discovered, a lethal variant of dengue emerged. Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) initially observed in Southeast Asia now has spread throughout the world. Two risk factors for DHF/DSS are well-established: severe disease occurs during a second heterotypic DENV infection or during a first DENV infection in infants born to dengue-immune mothers. A large number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain severe dengue disease. As discussed, few of them attempt to explain why severe disease occurs under the two different immunological settings. New experimental evidence has demonstrated that DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is toll-receptor 4 agonist that stimulates primary human myeloid cells to produce the same cytokines observed during the course of severe dengue disease. In addition, NS1 directly damages endothelial cells. These observations have been repeated and extended to an in vivo mouse model. The well-established phenomenon, antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection in Fc-receptor-bearing cells, should similarly enhance the production of DENV NS1 in humans, providing a unitary mechanism for severe disease in both immunological settings

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

scholarly journals Higher premature atrial complex burden from the Holter examination predicts poor cardiovascular outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Chun Huang ◽  
Po-Tseng Lee ◽  
Mu-Shiang Huang ◽  
Pei-Fang Su ◽  
Ping-Yen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Quartile Group

AbstractPremature atrial complexes (PACs) have been suggested to increase the risk of adverse events. The distribution of PAC burden and its dose–response effects on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death had not been elucidated clearly. We analyzed 15,893 patients in a medical referral center from July 1st, 2011, to December 31st, 2018. Multivariate regression driven by ln PAC (beats per 24 h plus 1) or quartiles of PAC burden were examined. Older group had higher PAC burden than younger group (p for trend < 0.001), and both genders shared similar PACs distribution. In Cox model, ln PAC remained an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09 per ln PAC increase, 95% CI = 1.06‒1.12, p < 0.001). PACs were a significant risk factor in cause-specific model (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05‒1.22, p = 0.001) or sub-distribution model (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04‒1.21, p = 0.004). In ordinal PAC model, 4th quartile group had significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality than those in 1st quartile group (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13‒1.94, p = 0.005), but no difference in cardiovascular death were found in competing risk analysis. In subgroup analysis, the risk of high PAC burden was consistently higher than in low-burden group across pre-specified subgroups. In conclusion, PAC burden has a dose response effect on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death.

Comorbidity and severity-of-illness risk adjustment for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection using data from the electronic medical record

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Cabral ◽  
Katherine E. Goodman ◽  
Natalia Blanco ◽  
Surbhi Leekha ◽  
Larry S. Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Risk Adjustment Model

Abstract Objective: To determine whether electronically available comorbidities and laboratory values on admission are risk factors for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) across multiple institutions and whether they could be used to improve risk adjustment. Patients: All patients at least 18 years of age admitted to 3 hospitals in Maryland between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018. Methods: Comorbid conditions were assigned using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable log-binomial regression was conducted for each hospital using significant covariates (P < .10) in a bivariate analysis. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were computed using current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk adjustment methodology and with the addition of Elixhauser score and individual comorbidities. Results: At hospital 1, 314 of 48,057 patient admissions (0.65%) had a HO-CDI; 41 of 8,791 patient admissions (0.47%) at community hospital 2 had a HO-CDI; and 75 of 29,211 patient admissions (0.26%) at community hospital 3 had a HO-CDI. In multivariable regression, Elixhauser score was a significant risk factor for HO-CDI at all hospitals when controlling for age, antibiotic use, and antacid use. Abnormal leukocyte level at hospital admission was a significant risk factor at hospital 1 and hospital 2. When Elixhauser score was included in the risk adjustment model, it was statistically significant (P < .01). Compared with the current CDC SIR methodology, the SIR of hospital 1 decreased by 2%, whereas the SIRs of hospitals 2 and 3 increased by 2% and 6%, respectively, but the rankings did not change. Conclusions: Electronically available patient comorbidities are important risk factors for HO-CDI and may improve risk-adjustment methodology.

scholarly journals Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Norouzi ◽  
Shaghayegh Norouzi ◽  
Alistaire Ruggiero ◽  
Mohammad S. Khan ◽  
Stephen Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Current Outbreak

The current outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has generated a notable challenge for diabetic patients. Overall, people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing different infectious diseases and demonstrate increased mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression and its severity, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity is unclear; however, it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Using the envelope spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, a key protein expressed in metabolic organs and tissues such as pancreatic islets. Therefore, it has been suggested that diabetic patients are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as glucose metabolism impairments complicate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease in these patients. In this review, we provide insight into the COVID-19 disease complications relevant to diabetes and try to focus on the present data and growing concepts surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infections in T2DM patients.

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