scholarly journals New members of the family

Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 351 (6268) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
M. McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Members ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Changes in reflectin protein phosphorylation are associated with dynamic iridescence in squid

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michi Izumi ◽  
Alison M. Sweeney ◽  
Daniel DeMartini ◽  
James C. Weaver ◽  
Meghan L. Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Light Organ ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Family ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Dynamic Camouflage

Many cephalopods exhibit remarkable dermal iridescence, a component of their complex, dynamic camouflage and communication. In the species Euprymna scolopes , the light-organ iridescence is static and is due to reflectin protein-based platelets assembled into lamellar thin-film reflectors called iridosomes, contained within iridescent cells called iridocytes. Squid in the family Loliginidae appear to be unique in which the dermis possesses a dynamic iridescent component with reflective, coloured structures that are assembled and disassembled under the control of the muscarinic cholinergic system and the associated neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Here we present the sequences and characterization of three new members of the reflectin family associated with the dynamically changeable iridescence in Loligo and not found in static Euprymna iridophores. In addition, we show that application of genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses ACh- and calcium-induced iridescence in Loligo . We further demonstrate that two of these novel reflectins are extensively phosphorylated in concert with the activation of iridescence by exogenous ACh. This phosphorylation and the correlated iridescence can be blocked with genistein. Our results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of reflectin proteins is involved in the regulation of dynamic iridescence in Loligo .

scholarly journals New Member of the V1V2-Directed CAP256-VRC26 Lineage That Shows Increased Breadth and Exceptional Potency

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Doria-Rose ◽  
Jinal N. Bhiman ◽  
Ryan S. Roark ◽  
Chaim A. Schramm ◽  
Jason Gorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
New Members ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Viral Isolates

ABSTRACT The epitopes defined by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are valuable templates for vaccine design, and studies of the immunological development of these antibodies are providing insights for vaccination strategies. In addition, the most potent and broadly reactive of these bNAbs have potential for clinical use. We previously described a family of 12 V1V2-directed neutralizing antibodies, CAP256-VRC26, isolated from an HIV-1 clade C-infected donor at years 1, 2, and 4 of infection (N. A. Doria-Rose et al., Nature 509:55–62, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13036 ). Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of new members of the family mostly obtained at time points of peak serum neutralization breadth and potency. Thirteen antibodies were isolated from B cell culture, and eight were isolated using trimeric envelope probes for differential single B cell sorting. One of the new antibodies displayed a 10-fold greater neutralization potency than previously published lineage members. This antibody, CAP256-VRC26.25, neutralized 57% of diverse clade viral isolates and 70% of clade C isolates with remarkable potency. Among the viruses neutralized, the median 50% inhibitory concentration was 0.001 μg/ml. All 33 lineage members targeted a quaternary epitope focused on V2. While all known bNAbs targeting the V1V2 region interact with the N160 glycan, the CAP256-VRC26 antibodies showed an inverse correlation of neutralization potency with dependence on this glycan. Overall, our results highlight the ongoing evolution within a single antibody lineage and describe more potent and broadly neutralizing members with potential clinical utility, particularly in areas where clade C is prevalent. IMPORTANCE Studies of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) provide valuable information for vaccine design, and the most potent and broadly reactive of these bNAbs have potential for clinical use. We previously described a family of V1V2-directed neutralizing antibodies from an HIV-1 clade C-infected donor. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of new members of the family mostly obtained at time points of peak serum neutralization breadth and potency. One of the new antibodies, CAP256-VRC26.25, displayed a 10-fold greater neutralization potency than previously described lineage members. It neutralized 57% of diverse clade viral isolates and 70% of clade C isolates with remarkable potency: the median 50% inhibitory concentration was 0.001 μg/ml. Our results highlight the ongoing evolution within a single antibody lineage and describe more potent and broadly neutralizing members with potential clinical utility, particularly in areas where clade C is prevalent.

Unified (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace description of the 2212-type stair-like [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9] m [Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family of compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Elcoro ◽  
Olivier Pérez ◽  
J. M. Perez-Mato ◽  
Václav Petříček
Keyword(s):  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
New Members ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Atomic Displacements ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
Superspace Description

The (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace approach is applied to describe and refine a series of sheared compounds related to layered high T c superconducting oxides. Two commensurate members (m = 4, 5) of the 2212 stair-like [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9] m [Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family of compounds, previously studied using single-crystal diffraction data, are analyzed. A common average unit cell has been identified and a composition-dependent modulation wavevector is proposed. The model is built using only three independent atomic domains, one for the metal atoms and two for the O atoms. The three Sr, Bi and Fe species are described using close-connected crenel-like functions forming a continuous atomic domain along the internal space. The two oxygen domains are represented by crenel functions and the displacive modulation functions are built up by Legendre polynomials recently implemented in the program JANA2006. Surprisingly, the results of the refinements show a striking similarity of the displacive modulations for the two compounds analyzed, indicating that a unique model can be used to describe the correlations between the atomic displacements of the 2212 stair-like series. This final model is then applied to predict the structure of new members of the family.

Evidence for the existence of two new members of the family Chlamydiaceae and proposal of Chlamydia avium sp. nov. and Chlamydia gallinacea sp. nov.

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Sachse ◽  
Karine Laroucau ◽  
Konstantin Riege ◽  
Stefanie Wehner ◽  
Meik Dilcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Members ◽  
The Family

The Relation of International Law to Internal Law in the French Constitutional System

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Preuss
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
World War ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
Constitutional System

During the five years that have elapsed since the close of hostilities in World War II, approximately one-half of the nations of the world have adopted new constitutions or have drastically revised existing ones. While some constitutions have been the products of a more or less regular modification, others have marked a revolutionary, though peaceful, development in conformity with Western political traditions. Some have followed the re-emergence of nations in defeat, and others have signalized the birth of new members of the family of nations. Finally, the régimes of the “People’s Democracy” have established instruments of government which are revolutionary both in their origin and their content.

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