Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects

Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 347 (6228) ◽  
pp. 1349-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Tumbleston ◽  
D. Shirvanyants ◽  
N. Ermoshkin ◽  
R. Janusziewicz ◽  
A. R. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Interface ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production

Continuous Liquid Interface Production of 3D Objects: An Unconventional Technology and its Challenges and Opportunities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judah Balli ◽  
Subha Kumpaty ◽  
Vince Anewenter
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production ◽  
Part Orientation

The purpose of this paper is to understand and research literature on the “continuous liquid interface production (CLIP)” of 3D objects to address the current challenges. This proprietary technology was originally owned by EiPi Systems but is now being developed by Carbon 3D. Unlike conventional rapid prototyping of printing layer-by-layer to print 3D objects, CLIP is achieved with an oxygen-permeable window made of proprietary glass membrane and the ultraviolet image projection plane below it, which allows the continuous liquid interface to produce 3D objects where photo-polymerization is restricted between the window and the polymerizing part. This process eliminates the time requirement in between the layers resulting in the faster production of 3D objects with a resolution less than 100 microns. It is a known factor that the “supports” play a vital role in any liquid based 3D printing techniques and this does not change in CLIP. In addition to the parameters of support structure like shape, size, strength, ease of removability, surface finish after removal of supports etc, CLIP needs to deal with different types of materials. The support structure needs to be designed according to the respective material’s properties. There are two broad categories of the materials available from Carbon 3D, prototyping resins, and engineering resins. While the prototyping resin is used for the cosmetic models and the engineering resins are used for the practical applications. There are 6 types of engineering resins developed for the end user; of these, EPU and CE are more challenging to work with. EPU parts needs more supports and careful handling till the completion of post processing as the material is soft. CE parts are fragile and needs more systematic handling to complete the successful production. Although printing parts of EPU and CE is more time consuming when compared to the normal CLIP process, they are worth for their unmatched industrial applications. None of the existing 3D printing technologies offers this quality. The support structure, orientation and pot life are the influencing parameters for all resins. In this study, it is statistically proven that by optimizing the part orientation with respect to the slicing of each layer and customized supports; parts are built way better than before. The part orientation is optimized by ensuring each layer is supporting the subsequent layer and minimizing the islands. It is noticed that the results are always better by tilting the part 5 to 10 degrees in both X and Y axis in the build setup and this applies for most of the straight geometrical parts. For parts of specific geometry which can create a vacuum while pulling up the part needs to be oriented in a different way or create a re-closable air passage that can prevent the vacuum being created.

Stress-Strain Behavior of an Octahedral and Octet-Truss Lattice Structure Fabricated Using the CLIP Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1142 ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Saigal ◽  
John Tumbleston
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Octet Truss ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production ◽  
Similar Density

In the rapidly growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), the focus in recent years has shifted from prototyping to manufacturing fully functional, ultralight, ultrastiff end-use parts. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) technology based on 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes. Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) is a breakthrough technology that grows parts instead of printing them layer by layer. Lattice structures such as the octahedral-and octet-truss lattice have recently attracted a lot of attention since they are often structurally more efficient than foams of a similar density made from the same material, and the ease with which these structures can now be produced using 3D printing and additive manufacturing. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior under compression of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using CLIP technology

Spatially controlled coating of continuous liquid interface production microneedles for transdermal protein delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassie L. Caudill ◽  
Jillian L. Perry ◽  
Shaomin Tian ◽  
J. Christopher Luft ◽  
Joseph M. DeSimone
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production

scholarly journals Layerless fabrication with continuous liquid interface production

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (42) ◽  
pp. 11703-11708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Janusziewicz ◽  
John R. Tumbleston ◽  
Adam L. Quintanilla ◽  
Sue J. Mecham ◽  
Joseph M. DeSimone
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production ◽  
Surface Finish Effect

Despite the increasing popularity of 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), the technique has not developed beyond the realm of rapid prototyping. This confinement of the field can be attributed to the inherent flaws of layer-by-layer printing and, in particular, anisotropic mechanical properties that depend on print direction, visible by the staircasing surface finish effect. Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) is an alternative approach to AM that capitalizes on the fundamental principle of oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization to generate a continual liquid interface of uncured resin between the growing part and the exposure window. This interface eliminates the necessity of an iterative layer-by-layer process, allowing for continuous production. Herein we report the advantages of continuous production, specifically the fabrication of layerless parts. These advantages enable the fabrication of large overhangs without the use of supports, reduction of the staircasing effect without compromising fabrication time, and isotropic mechanical properties. Combined, these advantages result in multiple indicators of layerless and monolithic fabrication using CLIP technology.

Mass Customization: Reuse of Digital Slicing for Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz-Ho Kwok ◽  
Hang Ye ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Chi Zhou ◽  
Wenyao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production ◽  
Very High

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, enables production of complex customized shapes without requiring specialized tooling and fixture, and mass customization can then be realized with larger adoption. The slicing procedure is one of the fundamental tasks for 3D printing, and the slicing resolution has to be very high for fine fabrication, especially in the recent developed continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) process. The slicing procedure is then becoming the bottleneck in the prefabrication process, which could take hours for one model. This becomes even more significant in mass customization, where hundreds or thousands of models have to be fabricated. We observe that the customized products are generally in a same homogeneous class of shape with small variation. Our study finds that the slicing information of one model can be reused for other models in the same homogeneous group under a properly defined parameterization. Experimental results show that the reuse of slicing information has a maximum of 50 times speedup, and its utilization is dropped from more than 90% to less than 50% in the prefabrication process.

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