A NEW HYDROGEN ELECTRODE AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PH

Science ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 75 (1955) ◽  
pp. 643-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Du Nouy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Electrode

E–pH Diagrams

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Schweitzer ◽  
Lester L. Pesterfield
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Health Physics ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry

This volume is intended to employ E–pH diagrams to describe the inorganic solution chemistry of the chemical elements. Such diagrams are very useful in numerous fields of investigation, including electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, geochemistry, environmental chemistry, corrosion chemistry, hydrometallurgy, water chemistry, agricultural chemistry, toxicology, biochemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, health physics, and nutrition. It is assumed that the reader is acquainted with the following major topics which are treated in elementary chemistry: stoichiometry, equilibrium, acid–base phenomena, solubility, complexation, elementary thermodynamics, and electrochemistry. In 1923, W. M. Clark and B. Cohen published a paper in which they introduced the idea of plotting the electromotive force as referred to the hydrogen electrode E against the pH for several chemical systems. In 1928, Clark continued to develop this graphical presentation in his text on the determination of pH. The utility of the method was further extended by numerous other investigators such as M. Pourbaix, G. Valensi, G. Charlot, T. P. Hoar, R. M. Garrels, N. de Zoubov, J. Van Muylder, E. Deltombe, C. Vanleugenhaghe, J. Schmets, M. Maraghini, P. Van Rysselberghe, A. Moussard, J. Brenet, F. Jolas, K. Schwabe, J. Besson, W. Kunz, A. L. Pitman, J. N. Butler, P. Delahay, H. Freiser, H. A. Laitinen, L. G. Sillen, P. L. Cloke, and others. In 1963, M. Pourbaix in collaboration with N. de Zoubov published Atlas d’equilibres electrochimiques, a collection of E–pH diagrams for 90 chemical elements. This volume was translated into English in 1966 by J. A. Franklin and published as Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. Subsequently other investigators published computer programs for constructing the diagrams: L. Santoma; B. G. Williams, and W. H. Patrick; P. B. Linkson, B. D. Phillips, and C. D. Rowles; K. Osseo-Asare, A. W. Asihene, T. Xue, and V. S. T. Ciminellie; D. R. Drewes; M. Mao and E. Peters; H-H. Huang and C. A. Young; J. P. Birk and Laura L. Tayer; G. P. Glasby and H. D. Schulz; and Q. Feng, Y. Ma, and Y. Lu.

Determination of pH of Ammonia Latex

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
J. McGavack ◽  
J. S. Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Null Point ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Fair Degree ◽  
Made In

Abstract The pH of latex has been determined at various concentrations of ammonia (1) by the use of indicators, and (2) by the application of the glass electrode. The two curves thus obtained were comparable but not identical. It is shown that the glass electrode gives results reproducible with a high degree of accuracy up to pH 9.5 and a fair degree of accuracy up to pH 11.0. Above pH 11.0 it is necessary to calibrate each electrode. An ordinary galvanometer allowed measurement of the e. m. f. to 1 millivolt. The assymetry of the glass was so small as to be negligible. This paper covers the work done so far in these laboratories on the development of an accurate and rapid method for determining the pH of latex. From a practical viewpoint one of the most troublesome features of the direct use of a hydrogen electrode is the deposition of a film of rubber on the platinum, which by increasing the internal resistance of the cell, so reduces the sensitivity of the null point instrument that after a few determinations the apparatus must become inoperative. A more serious objection to this electrode is the uncertainty attached to measurements made in solutions containing proteins.

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