The proliferation of scientific literature: a natural process

J. Ziman

doi:10.1126/science.7367863

Domestic Foal Weaning: Need for Re-Thinking Breeding Practices?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 361

Author(s):

Séverine Henry ◽

Hrefna Sigurjónsdóttir ◽

Aziliz Klapper ◽

Julie Joubert ◽

Gabrielle Montier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Best Practices ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Natural Process ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Weaning Stress ◽

Individual Variations

Artificial weaning is a standard practice known to be one of the most stressful events in a domestic foal’s life. Research has mainly focused on ways to alleviate weaning stress. However, there is still a need for more detailed research on what should constitute best practices with respect to animal welfare. The aim of this review is to address this issue by examining the natural weaning process. We first provide an overview of the scientific literature on the natural temporal dynamics of the dam-offspring bond in horses: it is to be noted that the natural process of weaning is little documented, individual variations have been poorly investigated and immediate effects of weaning on the mare–foal relationship remain unexplored. To partly address these gaps, we performed a study around the weaning period on 16 mare–foal pairs kept with minimal human interference. Most foals were weaned spontaneously when 9-10 months old, with individual variations mainly due to the conception rate of mares. Natural weaning induced no stress response in either partner and was performed without clear signs of rejection by the dams either just before or after. We lastly open up the discussion on the need for rethinking weaning practices under domestic conditions.

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Review on the Control of Waterborne Diseases – The Islamic Approach

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v17i2.984 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Lokman Md Isa ◽

Mohammed Abdullah Jainul ◽

Afzan Mat Yusof

Keyword(s):

Water Contamination ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Natural Process ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Waterborne Diseases ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years

Introduction: Scarcity of fresh water is currently blighting the population of the least developed countries around the world. According to WHO, waterborne diseases accounts for 4.1% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with a mortality rate of 1.8 million per year. Numerous pathogens and chemicals may be the potential sources of water contamination that leads to waterborne diseases in humans. Some pathogens are only active and express disease whilst within the host. The aim of this article is to identify the cause of water-borne diseases and how to control it from the Islamic perspective. Material and Methods: In this review we had compiled the latest scientific findings related to waterborne diseases and integrated them with Islamic approach of cleanliness. There are many Hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) (PBUH) regarding methods of cleanliness with scientific background to control waterborne diseases. Water pollution may be a natural process, men made, intentional or accidental. More often than not, man are infected after accidently consuming or coming in contact with contaminated water Results: Scientific literature search reveals that individual hygiene and sanitation is the most prominent way to prevent waterborne diseases. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) puts a great emphasize on purification in terms of personal cleanliness and made it mandatory to follow rule to remain pure both physically and spiritually. Conclusions: Sunnatic approaches of cleanliness may hinder waterborne disease.

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A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig1-2019-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurence B. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Developmental Language Disorder ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

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Development of Reading Remediation for Dyslexic Individuals

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000259 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 224 (4) ◽

pp. 240-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mélanie Bédard ◽

Line Laplante ◽

Julien Mercier

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Behavioral Data ◽

Educational Neuroscience ◽

Reading Remediation ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Neurophysiological Data ◽

Brain Correlates ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Brain

Abstract. Dyslexia is a phenomenon for which the brain correlates have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Simultaneously, the field of education has also been studying dyslexia and its remediation, mainly through behavioral data. The last two decades have seen a growing interest in integrating neuroscience and education. This article provides a quick overview of pertinent scientific literature involving neurophysiological data on functional brain differences in dyslexia and discusses their very limited influence on the development of reading remediation for dyslexic individuals. Nevertheless, it appears that if certain conditions are met – related to the key elements of educational neuroscience and to the nature of the research questions – conceivable benefits can be expected from the integration of neurophysiological data with educational research. When neurophysiological data can be employed to overcome the limits of using behavioral data alone, researchers can both unravel phenomenon otherwise impossible to document and raise new questions.

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