Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo by microsurgery and cell fusion

Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 220 (4603) ◽  
pp. 1300-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J McGrath ◽  
D Solter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation

scholarly journals Controlled ploidy reduction of pluripotent 4n cells generates 2n cells during mouse embryo development

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaax4199 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Frade ◽  
Shoma Nakagawa ◽  
Paola Cortes ◽  
Umberto di Vicino ◽  
Neus Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Recipient Mouse ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Mouse Embryo Development ◽  
High Ploidy ◽  
Diploid Cells

Cells with high ploidy content are common in mammalian extraembryonic and adult tissues. Cell-to-cell fusion generates polyploid cells during mammalian development and tissue regeneration. However, whether increased ploidy can be occasionally tolerated in embryonic lineages still remains largely unknown. Here, we show that pluripotent, fusion-derived tetraploid cells, when injected in a recipient mouse blastocyst, can generate diploid cells upon ploidy reduction. The generated diploid cells form part of the adult tissues in mouse chimeras. Parental chromosomes in pluripotent tetraploid cells are segregated through tripolar mitosis both randomly and nonrandomly and without aneuploidy. Tetraploid-derived diploid cells show a differentiated phenotype. Overall, we discovered an unexpected process of controlled genome reduction in pluripotent tetraploid cells. This mechanism can ultimately generate diploid cells during mouse embryo development and should also be considered for cell fusion–mediated tissue regeneration approaches.

Nucleocytoplasmic interactions in the mouse embryo

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
James McGrath ◽  
Davor Solter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions

Fertilized mammalian ova consist of haploid genomes derived from both parents and cytoplasmic components inherited largely from the female parent. These three cellular compartments must successfully interact with each other and with their environment for development to proceed. These interactions require the transposition of nuclear and cytoplasmic products between cellular compartments with resultant alteration of gene transcription and the cytoplasmic expression of preformed or newly synthesized gene products. We have investigated nuclear/cytoplasmic interactions in the mouse embryo via the microsurgical transfer of nuclei and cytoplasm. Experiments have specifically examined the ability of nuclei from later developmental stages or from a different species to support development, volume relationships between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, and the nonequivalency of the maternal and paternal genomic contributions to development. The ability of egg cytoplasm to alter the function of a variety of embryonic and adult nuclei and the ability of these nuclei to support development has been extensively tested in nuclear transplantation investigations in amphibian embryos.

Spontaneous Production of Type C Virus Particles in a Culture Derived from Rat Embryo Cells

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Priori ◽  
T. Shigematsu ◽  
B. Myers ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Virus Particle ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Embryo Cell ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Mouse Embryo Cell ◽  
Mature Virus Particle ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Type C

Spontaneous release of type C virus particles in long-term cultures of mouse embryo cells as well as induction of similar particles in mouse embryo cell cultures with IUDR or BUDR have been reported. The presence of type C virus particles in cultures of normal rat embryos has not been reported.NB-1, a culture derived from embryos of a New Zealand Black (NB) rat (rats obtained from Mr. Samuel M. Poiley, N.C.I., Bethesda, Md.) and grown in McCoy's 5A medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum was passaged weekly. Extracellular virus particles similar to murine leukemia particles appeared in the 22nd subculture. General appearance of cells in passage 23 is shown in Fig. 1. Two budding figures and one immature type C virus particle may be seen in Fig. 2. The virus particles and budding were present in all further passages examined (currently passage 39). Various stages of budding are shown in Figs. 3a,b,c,d. Appearance of a mature virus particle is shown in Fig. 4.

Use of F9 teratocarcinoma STEM cells to study cell-matrix interactions in the early mouse embryo

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
Marc Lenburg ◽  
Rulang Jiang ◽  
Lengya Cheng ◽  
Laura Grabel
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
F9 Cells ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
F9 Teratocarcinoma

We are interested in defining the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that help direct the differentiation of extraembryonic endoderm in the peri-implantation mouse embryo. At the blastocyst stage the mouse embryo consists of an outer layer of trophectoderm surrounding the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity and an eccentrically located inner cell mass. On the free surface of the inner cell mass, facing the blastocoel cavity, a layer of primitive endoderm forms. Primitive endoderm then generates two distinct cell types; parietal endoderm (PE) which migrates along the inner surface of the trophectoderm and secretes large amounts of basement membrane components as well as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and visceral endoderm (VE), a columnar epithelial layer characterized by tight junctions, microvilli, and the synthesis and secretion of α-fetoprotein. As these events occur after implantation, we have turned to the F9 teratocarcinoma system as an in vitro model for examining the differentiation of these cell types. When F9 cells are treated in monolayer with retinoic acid plus cyclic-AMP, they differentiate into PE. In contrast, when F9 cells are treated in suspension with retinoic acid, they form embryoid bodies (EBs) which consist of an outer layer of VE and an inner core of undifferentiated stem cells. In addition, we have established that when VE containing embryoid bodies are plated on a fibronectin coated substrate, PE migrates onto the matrix and this interaction is inhibited by RGDS as well as antibodies directed against the β1 integrin subunit. This transition is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of tPA in the PE cells. Thus, the outgrowth system provides a spatially appropriate model for studying the differentiation and migration of PE from a VE precursor.

Cell-matrix interactions in the early mouse embryo

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
A.E. Sutherland ◽  
P.G. Calarco ◽  
C.H. Damsky
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Integrin Subunit ◽  
Β1 Integrin ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Early Mouse Embryo ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions mediated by the integrin family of receptors are critical for morphogenesis and may also play a regulatory role in differentiation during early development. We have examined the onset of expression of individual integrin subunit proteins in the early mouse embryo, and their roles in early morphogenetic events. As detected by immunoprecipitation, the α6, αV, β1, and β3 subunits are detected as early as the 4-cell stage, α5 at the hatched blastocyst stage and αl and α3 following blastocyst attachment. We tested the role of these integrins in the attachment and migratory activity of two cell populations of the early mouse embryo: the trophoblast giant cells, which invade the uterine stroma and ultimately contribute to the chorio-allantoic placenta, and the parietal endoderm, which migrates over the inner surface of the trophoblast and ultimately forms Reichert's membrane and the parietal yolk sac. Experiments were done in serum-free medium on substrates coated with laminin (Ln) and fibronectin (Fn). Trophoblast outgrowth occurs on Ln and its E8 fragment (long arm), but not on the E1’ fragment (cross region) (Figs. 1, 2 ). This outgrowth is inhibited by anti-E8, anti-Ln, and by the anti-β1 family antiserum anti-ECMR, but not by anti-αV or the function-perturbing GoH3 antibody that recognizes the α6/β1 integrin, a major Ln (E8) receptor. This suggests that trophoblast outgrowth on Ln or E8 is mediated by a different β1 integrin such as α3/β1. Early stages of trophoblast outgrowth (up to 48 hours) on Fn are inhibited by anti-Fn and by function-perturbing anti-αV antibodies, whereas at later times outgrowth becomes insensitive to anti-αV but remains sensitive to the anti-β1 family antiserum anti-ECMr, indicating that trophoblast cells modulate their interaction with Fn during outgrowth. Trophoblast outgrowth on vitronectin (Vn) is sensitive to anti-αV antibodies throughout the 5-day period examined.

Transporters for L-proline in the pre-implantation mouse embryo

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot L Day ◽  
M Zada ◽  
Charles Bailey ◽  
Tamara Treleaven ◽  
Sukran Ozsoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo

Importance of amino acids in the development of preimplantation mouse embryo

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Zamfirescu ◽  
Salini Shreedharan ◽  
Mark Zada ◽  
Michael Morris ◽  
Margot L Day
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse
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