scholarly journals On the origin of bacterial resistance to penicillin: comparison of a beta-lactamase and a penicillin target

Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 231 (4744) ◽  
pp. 1429-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kelly ◽  
O Dideberg ◽  
P Charlier ◽  
J. Wery ◽  
M Libert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic enterobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01102
Author(s):  
Jamila Hamamouchi ◽  
Aicha Qasmaoui ◽  
Karima Halout ◽  
Réda Charof ◽  
Farida Ohmani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a major public health threat worldwide. These germs are the most redoubtable because they are producers of beta-lactamases and possess other mechanisms of resistance to many antibiotics. The objective of this work is to identify isolated strains of Enterobacteriaceae and to study their antibiotic resistance profiles, thus contributing to the surveillance of antibioresistance. This is a retrospective study over a period of three years (2018-2020) including urine samples taken in the region of Rabat-Salé-Zaire and examined at the laboratory of Epidemic Diseases in National Institute of Hygiene of Rabat. Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequent germs with a predominance of Escherichia coli (68%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 10.5%. The highest resistance was observed with amoxicillin, followed by ticarcillin, cefalotin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and finally ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. The aminoglycosides and the 2nd and 3rd cephalosporins were the most active molecules. The sensitivity of imipenem and ertapenem was 100%. This study shows the worrying appearance of resistance to the usual antibiotics in uropathogenic enterobacteria. Rational prescription of antibiotics and monitoring of the evolution of bacterial resistance are necessary in each region.

scholarly journals Beta-lactamase detection in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Robles ◽  
Diego B. Nóbrega ◽  
Felipe F. Guimarães ◽  
Guido G. Wanderley ◽  
H. Langoni
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Leaf Test

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the presence/production of beta-lactamases by both phenotypic and genotypic methods, verify whether results are dependent of bacteria type (Staphylococcus aureus versus coagulase-negative Staphylococcus - CNS) and verify the agreement between tests. A total of 200 bacteria samples from 21 different herds were enrolled, being 100 CNS and 100 S. aureus. Beta-lactamase presence/detection was performed by different tests (PCR, clover leaf test - CLT, Nitrocefin disk, and in vitro resistance to penicillin). Results of all tests were not dependent of bacteria type (CNS or S. aureus). Several S. aureus beta-lactamase producing isolates were from the same herd. Phenotypic tests excluding in vitro resistance to penicillin showed a strong association measured by the kappa coefficient for both bacteria species. Nitrocefin and CLT are more reliable tests for detecting beta-lactamase production in staphylococci.

scholarly journals CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
AJMAL RASHID ◽  
MOHAMMAD A. NAEEM
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility

Objective: To find out causative pathogens and their frequency in study group in common cutaneousbacterial infection and determine antibacterial susceptibility pattern. Design: Samples were collected either by swabsfrom skin lesions or where required aspiration of tissue fluid followed by examination in the laboratory for identificationof organisms through culture on appropriate media and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Setting: Department ofDermatology Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Subjects: Hundred patients irrespective of age and sex who had notreceived antibiotic in last 72 hours, with a clinical diagnosis of any common cutaneous bacterial infection were selectedirrespective of any coexisting cutaneous or systemic disease. Results: The data was compiled and statistical analysiswas done by using SPSS version 10. Isolated colonies of Staphylococcus aureus were found in 52% of the cases whileStreptococcus pyogenes was found as a pure growth in 18% of the cases. Mixed cultures of both these organisms werefound in 30% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus resistance to Penicillin (97.5%), Erythromycin (37.8%),Cotrimoxazole (31.7%), Cephradine (30.4%) and Tetracycline (34.1%). Resistance against Cloxacillin (3.6%) andGentamicin (2.4%) was much less. Among 82 isolated Staphylococcus aureus three isolated (3.6%) were found to beMRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus). Streptococcus pyogenes although found completely sensitiveto penicillins, showed resistance to Tetracycline (39.5%), Cotrimoxazole (31.2%) Erythromycin (27%) and Gentamicin(10.5%) Vancomycin sensitivity was shown by 100% of isolates. Conclusion: The comparison of this study withprevious studies indicates that problem of bacterial resistance amongst common cutaneous pathogens is increasing.The situation calls for creating awareness regarding dangers of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

beta-Lactamases are the commonest single cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Numerous chromosomal and plasmid-mediated types are known and may be classified by their sequences or phenotypic properties. The ability of a beta-lactamase to cause resistance varies with its activity, quantity, and cellular location and, for gram-negative organisms, the permeability of the producer strain. beta-Lactamases sometimes cause obvious resistance to substrate drugs in routine tests; often, however, these enzymes reduce susceptibility without causing resistance at current, pharmacologically chosen breakpoints. This review considers the ability of the prevalent beta-lactamases to cause resistance to widely used beta-lactams, whether resistance is accurately reflected in routine tests, and the extent to which the antibiogram for an organism can be used to predict the type of beta-lactamase that it produces.

Inhibitory Effect of Herbs on Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Enzyme from Escherichia coli of Healthy Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Shrivastav ◽  
R.K. Sharma ◽  
Neeraj Shrivastav ◽  
Vidhi Gautam ◽  
S.K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

Background: Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has risen dramatically in Escherichia coli from poultry and other food animals due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme (ESBLs) which degrades third generation cephalosporins.Herbs could be a better alternative for such cases. Methods: Present study was undertaken on 400 caecal samples of healthy broilers, collected from various poultry sale outlets of Jabalpur (M.P.). Samples were screened phenotypically and genotypically for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli. Inhibitory effect of fruit peel juice of Punica granatum and Syzigium aromaticum oil observed on the Beta lactamase enzyme obtained from these positive samples by colorimetric method using CENTA and NITROCEFIN as chromogenic substrate.Result: Phenotypically 135 samples/isolates were ESBL producing E.coli. On multiplex PCR assay 76 positive samples with bla TEM, blaCTX and bla SHV, gene was obtained. Oil of Syzygium aromaticum showed maximium per cent inhibition, Punica granatum depicted lower per cent inhibition with CENTA and NITROCEFIN respectively. Combination of both herbs showed increased inhibition. Tazobactum, (100µM) taken as the standard control exhibited 99.88 and 98 per cent inhibition of ESBL enzyme.

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