Immune Response in vitro: Independence of "Activated" Lymphoid Cells

Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 166 (3908) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Pierce ◽  
B. Benacerraf
1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Wagner ◽  
Marc Feldmann ◽  
W. Boyle ◽  
J. W. Schrader

All efficient cell separation procedure and specific anti-macrophage serum were used to investigate the requirement of macrophages in the in vitro allograft response of mouse lymphoid cells. The efficiency of the macrophage-depletion procedure used and the undiminished capacity of the purified lymphocytes to respond were verified by also testing the antibody responses to sheep red cells (SRC) and dinitrophenylated polymeric flagellin (DNP POL) as well as the proliferative response to allogeneic cells. It was found that the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes were diminished after macrophage depletion by surface adherence. The combination of anti-macrophage serum and column purification resulted in the total abolition of cytotoxic activity. The cell-mediated immune response was restored completely by addition of peritoneal macrophages, with as few as 1 macrophage to 600 lymphocytes permitting a significant restoration. Macrophages were not involved in the cytotoxic effector phase, but were essential in immune induction. A subcellular H-2 alloantigen preparation was only immunogenic in the presence of macrophages, indicating that a mere reduction in the size of the antigen from cell-bound alloantigens to membrane fragments was not the sole function of macrophages. The results suggest that macrophages collaborate with T cells in the initiation of an allograft response in vitro.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aws Alshamsan ◽  
Samar Hamdy ◽  
Azita Haddadi ◽  
John Samuel ◽  
Ayman O.S. El-Kadi ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. A-702
Author(s):  
Els van Hoffen ◽  
Nicoline M. Korthagen ◽  
Sander de Kivit ◽  
Bastiaan Schouten ◽  
Bart Bardoel ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2410-2422
Author(s):  
Irene Brandts ◽  
Marlid Garcia-Ordoñez ◽  
Lluis Tort ◽  
Mariana Teles ◽  
Nerea Roher

Polystyrene nanoplastics are internalized in zebrafish liver cells, accumulating in lysosomes, and in zebrafish larvae but do not affect the larval suvival to a lethal infection.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Witonsky ◽  
Virginia Buechner‐Maxwell ◽  
Amy Santonastasto ◽  
Robert Pleasant ◽  
Stephen Werre ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik G Oberg ◽  
Karin Tunblad ◽  
Ana Slipicevic ◽  
Richard Bethell ◽  
Mark R Albertella

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