Silicone Rubber: A New Diffusion Property Useful for General Anesthesia

Science ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 154 (3745) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Folkman ◽  
D. M. Long ◽  
R. Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Diffusion Property

Silicone Rubber: A New Diffusion Property Useful for General Anesthesia

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judah Folkman ◽  
David M. Long ◽  
Richard Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
New Method ◽  
Diffusion Property ◽  
Rubber Tubing ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract Ether, nitrous oxide, halothane, and cyclopropane diffuse through silicone rubber. General anesthesia can be produced in dogs by passing the vapors of any of these anesthetic agents through a coil of silicone rubber tubing, each end of which is placed in an artery and vein. Potential applications include a new method for general anesthesia and a simple accurate vaporizer for halothane.

Computing cell tractions from particle displacements on silicone rubber substrata

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Tim Oliver ◽  
Akira Ishihara ◽  
Ken Jacobsen ◽  
Micah Dembo
Keyword(s):  
Plane Stress ◽  
Linear Elasticity ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Better Than

In order to better understand the distribution of cell traction forces generated by rapidly locomoting cells, we have applied a mathematical analysis to our modified silicone rubber traction assay, based on the plane stress Green’s function of linear elasticity. To achieve this, we made crosslinked silicone rubber films into which we incorporated many more latex beads than previously possible (Figs. 1 and 6), using a modified airbrush. These films could be deformed by fish keratocytes, were virtually drift-free, and showed better than a 90% elastic recovery to micromanipulation (data not shown). Video images of cells locomoting on these films were recorded. From a pair of images representing the undisturbed and stressed states of the film, we recorded the cell’s outline and the associated displacements of bead centroids using Image-1 (Fig. 1). Next, using our own software, a mesh of quadrilaterals was plotted (Fig. 2) to represent the cell outline and to superimpose on the outline a traction density distribution. The net displacement of each bead in the film was calculated from centroid data and displayed with the mesh outline (Fig. 3).

Video-microscopic measurement of cell-substratum traction forces generated by locomoting keratocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Tim Oliver ◽  
Michelle Leonard ◽  
Juliet Lee ◽  
Akira Ishihara ◽  
Ken Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Microscopic Measurement ◽  
Kinetics Of

We are using video-enhanced light microscopy to investigate the pattern and magnitude of forces that fish keratocytes exert on flexible silicone rubber substrata. Our goal is a clearer understanding of the way molecular motors acting through the cytoskeleton co-ordinate their efforts into locomotion at cell velocities up to 1 μm/sec. Cell traction forces were previously observed as wrinkles(Fig.l) in strong silicone rubber films by Harris.(l) These forces are now measureable by two independant means.In the first of these assays, weakly crosslinked films are made, into which latex beads have been embedded.(Fig.2) These films report local cell-mediated traction forces as bead displacements in the plane of the film(Fig.3), which recover when the applied force is released. Calibrated flexible glass microneedles are then used to reproduce the translation of individual beads. We estimate the force required to distort these films to be 0.5 mdyne/μm of bead movement. Video-frame analysis of bead trajectories is providing data on the relative localisation, dissipation and kinetics of traction forces.

Echocardiography in Saanen-goats: Normal findings, reference intervals in awake goats, and the effect of general anesthesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Steininger ◽  
A.-S. J. Berli ◽  
R. Jud ◽  
C. C. Schwarzwald
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Reference Intervals

Graduate Student Award, 1979: Consequences of Hearing During General Anesthesia

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Bennett ◽  
Jeffrey A. Giannini ◽  
Mark D. Kline
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Student Award
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