Computer Simulation of Human Thinking: A theory of problem solving expressed as a computer program permits simulation of thinking processes

Science ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 134 (3495) ◽  
pp. 2011-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Newell ◽  
H. A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Human Thinking

Computer simulation to evaluate the economics of landfill gas recovery

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
M. W. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Simulation Results

A need exists for tools to improve evaluations of the economics of landfill gas recovery. A computer simulation tool is presented. It uses a spreadsheet computer program to calculate the economics for a fixed set of inputs, and a simulation program to consider variations in the inputs. The method calculates the methane generated each year, and estimates the costs and incomes associated with the recovery and sale of the gas. Base case results are presented for a city of 500,000. An uncertainty analysis for a hypothetical case is presented. The simulation results can help an analyst see the key variables affecting the economics of a project.

Integrated Learning: Explicit Strategies and Their Role in Problem-Solving Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Hollingsworth ◽  
John Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Strategy Group ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigated the effectiveness of an explicit strategy as a means of linking facts, concepts, and problem solving in an unfamiliar domain of learning. Participants were 37 secondary students with learning disabilities. All students were taught health facts and concepts, which they then applied to problem-solving exercises presented through computer-simulation games. Students in the experimental group were taught an explicit strategy for solving the problems; the comparison group was given supportive feedback and encouraged to induce their own strategies. The explicit strategy group performed significantly better on two transfer measures, including videotaped problem-solving exercises.

Health ways: a computer simulation for problem solving in personal health management

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Woodward ◽  
Douglas Carnine ◽  
Lorraine G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Personal Health

Computersimulation der Rückstreuung schneller schwerer Ionen an einkristallinen (001)-und (111̅)-Goldoberflächen / Computer Simulation of the Backscattering of High Energy Ions from (001)- and (111̅)-surfaces of Au-Single Crystals

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schmidt ◽  
K. Güttner
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Fcc Lattice ◽  
High Energy Ions

A computer program for following the trajectories of high energy ions in an fcc-lattice has been written to evaluate the reflection rate of high energy ions with grazing incidence to (001)- and (111̅)-Au-surfaces. The calculation yields a rapid decrease of the reflection rate for penetration directions close to low-index atomic planes. It can be shown that this result is caused by channeling of the ions between the atomic planes.

scholarly journals Insight and Search in Katona’s Five-Square Problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Öllinger ◽  
Gary Jones ◽  
Günther Knoblich
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Problem Representation ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
Representational Change ◽  
Human Thinking

Insights are often productive outcomes of human thinking. We provide a cognitive model that explains insight problem solving by the interplay of problem space search and representational change, whereby the problem space is constrained or relaxed based on the problem representation. By introducing different experimental conditions that either constrained the initial search space or helped solvers to initiate a representational change, we investigated the interplay of problem space search and representational change in Katona’s five-square problem. Testing 168 participants, we demonstrated that independent hints relating to the initial search space and to representational change had little effect on solution rates. However, providing both hints caused a significant increase in solution rates. Our results show the interplay between problem space search and representational change in insight problem solving: The initial problem space can be so large that people fail to encounter impasse, but even when representational change is achieved the resulting problem space can still provide a major obstacle to finding the solution.

scholarly journals Identifying Severe Malnutrition in Children with an Expert System

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Devia Kartika ◽  
Rima Liana Gema ◽  
Mutiana Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
System Application ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
Human Expert ◽  
System Method

Expert system is a computer program which is designed for modelling the ability of problem solving as it is an expert (human expert). The expert system method used is the forward chaining method which is the inference method that is doing logical reasoning from the problem to its solution. The aim of this research is to design and develop an expert system that is able to identify the severe malnutrition on children from the age of 0 - 5 years old. The knowledge is derived from the question askedto a nutrition expert. The data are taken from the questions asked to the user and when all of the questions has been answered, then the goal will be appeared which shows the nutrition status. This system application will enable the user to diagnose the nutrition/disease that affects children and get the solution. This system can be used by any kind of user due to the easy access. This system is also put the important information about the severe malnutrition and the recent news of children’s health so it will add more knowledge for the parents about the importance of severe malnutrition’s prevention.

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