Marine Ecosystem Responses to Cenozoic Global Change

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6145) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Norris ◽  
S. K. Turner ◽  
P. M. Hull ◽  
A. Ridgwell
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Responses

scholarly journals Quantifying ecosystem responses to environmental and human pressures in the marine ecosystem off the west coast of Vancouver Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 108232
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Boldt ◽  
Elliott L. Hazen ◽  
Mary E. Hunsicker ◽  
Caihong Fu ◽  
R. Ian Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecosystem Responses

Impacts of long-term warming and enhanced nitrogen and sulfur deposition on carbon sink potential in a boreal peatland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Larmola ◽  
Liisa Maanavilja ◽  
Heikki Kiheri ◽  
Mats Nilsson ◽  
Matthias Peichl
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
The Individual

<p>In order to assess peatland carbon sink potential under multiple global change perturbations, we examined the individual and combined effects of long-term warming and enhanced nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition on ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>exchange at one of the longest-running experiments on peatlands, Degerö Stormyr poor fen, Sweden. The site has been treated with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (15 times ambient annual wet deposition), Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (6 times ambient annual wet deposition) and elevated temperature (air +3.6 C) for 23 years. Gross photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration and net CO<sub>2</sub> exchange were measured weekly during June-August using chambers. After 23 years, two of the experimental perturbations: N addition and warming individually reduced net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake potential down to 0.3-0.4 fold compared to the control mainly due to lower gross photosynthesis. Under S only treatment ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were largely unaltered. In contrast, the combination of S and N deposition and warming led to a more pronounced effect and close to zero net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake potential or net C source. Our study emphasizes the value of the long-term multifactor experiments in examining the ecosystem responses: simultaneous perturbations can have nonadditive interactions that cannot be predicted based on individual responses and thus, must be studied in combination when evaluating feedback mechanisms to ecosystem C sink potential under global change.</p>

AnaEE: a European infrastructure for future-oriented experimental ecosystem research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans De Boeck ◽  
Simon Reynaert ◽  
Ivan Nijs ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
First Results

<p>Human activities are directly and indirectly generating major environmental pressures on ecosystems worldwide through climate change, pollution and other global changes. Altogether, these changes result in a rapid erosion of biodiversity and a perturbation of ecological and agricultural systems and services, prompting urgent societal questions on how to retain or promote sustainable ecosystem services in a global change context. Understanding the responses of ecosystems to such pressures and perturbations, and developing adaptation strategies critically requires state-of-the-art experimental facilities that are able to simulate multiple global change factors. AnaEE (Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems) brings together such facilities in a European-wide infrastructure for experimental research on managed and unmanaged terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It assists and integrates four types of national platforms (Open-air, Enclosed, Analytical, and Modelling) and provides support to scientists who wish to engage in research projects using these platforms or the data they generate. These services are organised through the Central Hub and three Service Centres (Technology, Data and Modelling, Interface and Synthesis). This integrated approach improves the quality and availability of data and projections on ecosystem responses to global changes, enabling policy makers and stakeholders to make fact-based  decisions on how to sustainably manage ecosystem services. As an example, we shortly discuss the new open air FATI-platform (UAntwerp) in which ecosystems can be exposed to various combinations of precipitation change and warming, and present first results of a study on the impacts of precipitation regime changes on temperate grassland.</p>

scholarly journals Plant community feedbacks and long-term ecosystem responses to multi-factored global change

AoB Plants ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (0) ◽  
pp. plu035-plu035 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Langley ◽  
B. A. Hungate
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Ecosystem Responses

scholarly journals Nonlinear, interacting responses to climate limit grassland production under global change

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (38) ◽  
pp. 10589-10594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Nona R. Chiariello ◽  
Todd Tobeck ◽  
Tadashi Fukami ◽  
Christopher B. Field
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Global changes in climate, atmospheric composition, and pollutants are altering ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. Among approaches for predicting ecosystem responses, long-term observations and manipulative experiments can be powerful approaches for resolving single-factor and interactive effects of global changes on key metrics such as net primary production (NPP). Here we combine both approaches, developing multidimensional response surfaces for NPP based on the longest-running, best-replicated, most-multifactor global-change experiment at the ecosystem scale—a 17-y study of California grassland exposed to full-factorial warming, added precipitation, elevated CO2, and nitrogen deposition. Single-factor and interactive effects were not time-dependent, enabling us to analyze each year as a separate realization of the experiment and extract NPP as a continuous function of global-change factors. We found a ridge-shaped response surface in which NPP is humped (unimodal) in response to temperature and precipitation when CO2 and nitrogen are ambient, with peak NPP rising under elevated CO2 or nitrogen but also shifting to lower temperatures. Our results suggest that future climate change will push this ecosystem away from conditions that maximize NPP, but with large year-to-year variability.

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