A Local Proton Source Enhances CO2Electroreduction to CO by a Molecular Fe Catalyst

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 338 (6103) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Costentin ◽  
Samuel Drouet ◽  
Marc Robert ◽  
Jean-Michel Savéant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Earth Abundant

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially useful step in the desirable transformation of the greenhouse gas to fuels and commodity chemicals. We have found that modification of iron tetraphenylporphyrin through the introduction of phenolic groups in all ortho and ortho′ positions of the phenyl groups considerably speeds up catalysis of this reaction by the electrogenerated iron(0) complex. The catalyst, which uses one of the most earth-abundant metals, manifests a CO faradaic yield above 90% through 50 million turnovers over 4 hours of electrolysis at low overpotential (0.465 volt), with no observed degradation. The basis for the enhanced activity appears to be the high local concentration of protons associated with the phenolic hydroxyl substituents.

Production of Synthetic Petroleum Fuel Through the Absorption of Atmospheric CO2

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Pothier ◽  
David Chichka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydrogen Generator ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Petroleum Fuel ◽  
One Year

This paper describes a theoretical device called a Petroleum Synthesizer, which absorbs the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into a synthetic petroleum fuel. The device has four parts: First, a CO2 Scrubber using sodium carbonate reversibly absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Simultaneously, a Hydrogen Generator separates water electrolytically to produce hydrogen (H2). Third, a Carbon Monoxide Generator mixes the H2 and the CO2 over a nickel catalyst, changing the constituents into carbon monoxide (CO) and water. Finally, the CO and additional H2 are combined in a cobalt-catalyst Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Processor to produce gaseous and liquid petroleum products. Calculations show that one watt of electricity supplied for one year would allow the Synthesizer to create 0.420 kg of petroleum products, and absorb 1.314 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. An acre of solar voltaic panels powering Synthesizers could produce 46,000 kg, or about 14,000 gallons, of petroleum products per acre per year, and absorb 140,000 kg of CO2. By contrast, an acre of corn produces less than 400 gallons of ethanol per year.

Molybdenum carbide catalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO: surface science aspects by NAPPES and catalysis studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (32) ◽  
pp. 12199-12209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasala Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
Srikanth Dama ◽  
Nitin B. Mhamane ◽  
Manoj K. Ghosalya ◽  
Thirumalaiswamy Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Molybdenum Carbide ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and needs to be converted into one of the useful feedstocks, such as carbon monoxide and methanol.

Carbon neutral electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide mediated by [Mn+(cyclam)Cln] (M = Ni2+ and Co3+) on mercury free electrodes and ionic liquids as reaction media

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Honores ◽  
D. Quezada ◽  
M. García ◽  
K. Calfumán ◽  
J. P. Muena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
Cyclam Complexes ◽  
Reaction Media

Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide with high faradaic efficiency on mercury free electrodes using M(cyclam) complexes.

The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-958
Author(s):  
Isaac N. Itodo ◽  
Dorcas K. Yakubu ◽  
Theresa K. Kaankuka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hao ◽  
Yu Ruihong ◽  
Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽  
Qi Zhen ◽  
Lu Xixi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

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