Elemental Profiles Reflect Plant Adaptations to the Environment

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 336 (6089) ◽  
pp. 1661-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baxter ◽  
Brian P. Dilkes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Plant Adaptations ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Elemental Accumulation ◽  
Diverse Plant

Most mineral elements found in plant tissues come exclusively from the soil, necessitating that plants adapt to highly variable soil compositions to survive and thrive. Profiling element concentrations in genetically diverse plant populations is providing insights into the plant-environment interactions that control elemental accumulation, as well as identifying the underlying genes. The resulting molecular understanding of plant adaptation to the environment both demonstrates how soils can shape genetic diversity and provides solutions to important agricultural challenges.

scholarly journals Plant defense phenotypes determine the consequences of volatile emission for individuals and neighbors

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith C Schuman ◽  
Silke Allmann ◽  
Ian T Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Diverse Plant

Plants are at the trophic base of terrestrial ecosystems, and the diversity of plant species in an ecosystem is a principle determinant of community structure. This may arise from diverse functional traits among species. In fact, genetic diversity within species can have similarly large effects. However, studies of intraspecific genetic diversity have used genotypes varying in several complex traits, obscuring the specific phenotypic variation responsible for community-level effects. Using lines of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata genetically altered in specific well-characterized defense traits and planted into experimental populations in their native habitat, we investigated community-level effects of trait diversity in populations of otherwise isogenic plants. We conclude that the frequency of defense traits in a population can determine the outcomes of these traits for individuals. Furthermore, our results suggest that some ecosystem-level services afforded by genetically diverse plant populations could be recaptured in intensive monocultures engineered to be functionally diverse.

scholarly journals Genetic Listeria monocytogenes Types in the Pork Processing Plant Environment: From Occasional Introduction to Plausible Persistence in Harborage Sites

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Niels Demaître ◽  
Geertrui Rasschaert ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Annemie Geeraerd ◽  
Koen De Reu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the L. monocytogenes occurrence and genetic diversity in three Belgian pork cutting plants. We specifically aim to identify harborage sites and niche locations where this pathogen might occur. A total of 868 samples were taken from a large diversity of food and non-food contact surfaces after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) and during processing. A total of 13% (110/868) of environmental samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes. When looking in more detail, zone 3 non-food contact surfaces were contaminated more often (26%; 72/278) at typical harborage sites, such as floors, drains, and cleaning materials. Food contact surfaces (zone 1) were less frequently contaminated (6%; 25/436), also after C&D. PFGE analysis exhibited low genetic heterogeneity, revealing 11 assigned clonal complexes (CC), four of which (CC8, CC9, CC31, and CC121) were predominant and widespread. Our data suggest (i) the occasional introduction and repeated contamination and/or (ii) the establishment of some persistent meat-adapted clones in all cutting plants. Further, we highlight the importance of well-designed extensive sampling programs combined with genetic characterization to help these facilities take corrective actions to prevent transfer of this pathogen from the environment to the meat.

scholarly journals Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Jakub Bunk ◽  
Julia Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

scholarly journals Here, there and everywhere – the importance of neutral lipids in plant growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zienkiewicz ◽  
Marta Saldat ◽  
Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Diverse Plant

In plants, lipids serve as one of the major and vital cellular constituents. Neutral lipids reserves play an essential role in the plant life cycle by providing carbon and energy equivalents for periods of active metabolism. The most common form of lipid storage are triacylglycerols (TAGs) packed into specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). They have been observed in diverse plant organs and tissues, like oil seeds or pollen grains. LDs consist of a core, composed mostly of TAGs, enclosed by a single layer of phospholipids that is decorated by a unique set of structural proteins. Moreover, the recent advances in exploration of LDs proteome revealed a plethora of diverse proteins interacting with LDs. This is likely the result of a highly dynamic nature of these organelles and their involvement in many diverse aspect of cellular metabolism, tightly synchronized with plant developmental programs and directly related to plant-environment interactions. In this review we summarize and discuss the current progress in understanding the role of LDs and their cargo during plants life cycle, with a special emphasis on developmental aspects.

scholarly journals Landscape and Climate Influence the Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding in Cerrado Plant Species

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽  
Mateus Neri Oliveira Reis ◽  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Ueric José Borges de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Center Periphery

The anthropization of the landscape of the Cerrado biome that has occurred over the past few decades has fragmented its natural environments, impacting the connectivity of the plant populations and altering their gene flow. Plant species may also reduce population size in response to sub-optimal climatic and environmental conditions, and observed distribution patterns may align with theoretical schemes, such as the center–periphery model, that is, it is possible that populations on the edge have lower genetic diversity than center populations, theoretically submitted to environmental conditions closer to the optimum. In this context, we evaluate whether the genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Cerrado plant species are affected by landscape features and climate characteristics, and in particular, if the distribution of the genetic diversity of these plants is consistent with the center–periphery model. To do this, we conducted a literature search for genetic studies of Cerrado plant populations using Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases and the species found were used as a proxy to explore patterns throughout the biome. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and multiple matrix regressions (MMRRs) to evaluate the effects of landscape features and climatic variables on the observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE), allelic richness (AR) and inbreeding (Fis) patterns of the local populations. The landscape was evaluated in terms of the percentage land cover of agriculture (AG), forestry (FO), remnant vegetation (RV), urban areas (UA), pasture (PA), and water (WA) within buffers of 1 km, 3 km, and 5 km around the study populations. We analyzed 121 populations of 31 plant species. The GLMMs showed that HO was affected by FO regardless of buffer size, while HE was also affected by FO, but also by WA and UA. AR was affected by WA and UA in all three buffer zones while the Fis was affected by FO and AU. The MMRRs showed that WA may affect HO, HE, and Fis within the 1 km buffer, while FO affects HO and UA affects AR within the 5 km buffer. In the case of the 1 km and 3 km buffers, however, the geographic distance between populations was identified as a factor determining the genetic diversity and inbreeding indices, indicating that isolation by distance may be an important factor defining the breeding patterns of the Cerrado plant populations. The GLMMs and MMRRs also showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) and, to a lesser extent, isothermality (ISO) can explain the variation in genetic diversity observed in the Cerrado plant populations. We also found that the center–periphery model fits the distribution pattern observed in most of the species evaluated, including Annona crassiflora,Annona coriacea, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Eugenia dysenterica. Our results indicate that changes in the climate and the landscape of Brazilian Cerrado must be considered carefully to guarantee minimizing the impacts of these processes on the genetic diversity of Cerrado plant species and ensuring the long-term conservation of these species in this biome.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence among Camu-Camu Plant Populations Based on the Initial Characteristics of the Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bardales-Lozano Ricardo Manuel ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Oscar Smiderle ◽  
Abanto-Rodriguez Carlos ◽  
Pollyana Cardoso Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Grouping Method

<p>The objective in the present work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 15 indigenous populations of camu-camu plants, identifying important characteristics in the evaluation of genetic divergence, based on the initial characteristics of the seedlings. Seeds extracted from fruits deriving from fifteen indigenous populations of camu-camu were collected. The experimental design was entirely random, with fifteen treatments (populations), and fifteen repetitions (each sub-sample), considering 30 seeds per subsample as an experimental unit. At 40 days after sowing the following were evaluated: the percentage of emergence, the index of emergence velocity, the average time of germination, the height of the seedling and the number of leaves. The data obtained was submitted to variance analysis, and the averages were grouped by the Scott and Knott (1974) test. The genetic diversity was studied according to the Tocher grouping method, based on the Mahalanobis distance (D<sup>2</sup><sub>ii</sub>) and canonical variables. The fifteen populations are divergent among themselves and the Rio Branco Estirão do Veado, Rio Branco Onofre and Igarapé Agua Boa populations are indicated to have hybridization with other populations due to the high divergence, as well as the rates of emergence and vigor of the seedlings. The height of the seedlings, percentage and speed of emergence, are those that most indicate genetic divergence. The measuring techniques of genetic divergence, canonical variables Mahalanobis distances are useful and corroborating in the evaluation of genetic divergence of the camu-camu plant.</p>

Mixing source populations increases genetic diversity of restored rare plant populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Basey St. Clair ◽  
Peter W. Dunwiddie ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Thomas N. Kaye ◽  
Andrea T. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Source Populations

scholarly journals LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION ON RED PINE SUITABILITY TO INSECTS FEEDING ON DIVERSE PLANT TISSUES

Ecology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2352-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Raffa ◽  
Steven C. Krause ◽  
Peter B. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Diverse Plant

scholarly journals Worldwide Genetic Diversity for Mineral Element Concentrations in Rice Grain

Crop Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon R. M Pinson ◽  
Lee Tarpley ◽  
Wengui Yan ◽  
Kathleen Yeater ◽  
Brett Lahner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Element Concentrations
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