Mining the Biodiversity of Plants: A Revolution in the Making

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 336 (6089) ◽  
pp. 1658-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Luca ◽  
Vonny Salim ◽  
Sayaka Masada Atsumi ◽  
Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Microbial Systems

Only a small fraction of the immense diversity of plant metabolism has been explored for the production of new medicines and other products important to human well-being. The availability of inexpensive high-throughput sequencing is rapidly expanding the number of species that can be investigated for the speedy discovery of previously unknown enzymes and pathways. Exploitation of these resources is being carried out through interdisciplinary synthetic and chemical biology to engineer pathways in plant and microbial systems for improving the production of existing medicines and to create libraries of biologically active products that can be screened for new drug applications.

scholarly journals Quantifying Fetal Reprogramming for Biomarker Development in the Era of High-Throughput Sequencing

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng Chou ◽  
Krystel Newton ◽  
Pei-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Fetal Reprogramming ◽  
Offspring Health

Gestational hypertensive disorders continue to threaten the well-being of pregnant women and their offspring. The only current definitive treatment for gestational hypertensive disorders is delivery of the fetus. The optimal timing of delivery remains controversial. Currently, the available clinical tools do not allow for assessment of fetal stress in its early stages. Placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction secondary to gestational hypertensive disorders have been shown to have long-term impacts on offspring health even into their adulthood, becoming one of the major focuses of research in the field of developmental origins of health and disease. Fetal reprogramming was introduced to describe the long-lasting effects of the toxic intrauterine environment on the growing fetus. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, there have been major advances in research attempting to quantify fetal reprogramming. Moreover, genes that are found to be differentially expressed as a result of fetal reprogramming show promise in the development of transcriptional biomarkers for clinical use in detecting fetal response to placental insufficiency. In this review, we will review key pathophysiology in the development of placental insufficiency, existing literature on high-throughput sequencing in the study of fetal reprogramming, and considerations regarding research design from our own experience.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Differential Exosomal miRNAs of DC2.4 Dendritic Cells Induced by Toxoplasma gondii Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5506
Author(s):  
Dong-Liang Li ◽  
Wei-Hao Zou ◽  
Sheng-Qun Deng ◽  
Hong-Juan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects humans and other warm-blooded animals. Exosomes are endocytic-derived vesicles released by cells, representing an important mode of intercellular communication. In exosomes, specific molecules of proteins, lipids, and mRNAs or miRNAs have been detected, some of which are capable of transferring biologically active molecules to recipient cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that activate the initial immune response. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the exosomal miRNA profile of DC2.4 cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii for 28 h, compared with those of uninfected DC2.4 cells. Differential exosomal miRNAs (DEmiRs) from these two cell groups were analyzed. Through high-throughput sequencing, 3434 DEmiRs were obtained, and 12 stably enriched DEmiRNAs were verified by Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and selected for further analysis. The target genes of these 12 miRNAs were predicted with online analysis software and subjected to bioinformatics analyses including protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, key driver analysis (KDA), gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. These DEmiRs were found to be associated with a variety of biological processes and signaling pathways involved in host ubiquitin system, innate immunity, biosynthesis, and transferase activity and could be potential biomarkers for T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Metagenomic Technologies for Complex Microbial Community Analysis: Open and Closed Formats

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhong Zhou ◽  
Zhili He ◽  
Yunfeng Yang ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
Susannah G. Tringe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Complex Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Century Science

ABSTRACT  Understanding the structure, functions, activities and dynamics of microbial communities in natural environments is one of the grand challenges of 21st century science. To address this challenge, over the past decade, numerous technologies have been developed for interrogating microbial communities, of which some are amenable to exploratory work (e.g., high-throughput sequencing and phenotypic screening) and others depend on reference genes or genomes (e.g., phylogenetic and functional gene arrays). Here, we provide a critical review and synthesis of the most commonly applied “open-format” and “closed-format” detection technologies. We discuss their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages within the context of environmental applications and focus on analysis of complex microbial systems, such as those in soils, in which diversity is high and reference genomes are few. In addition, we discuss crucial issues and considerations associated with applying complementary high-throughput molecular technologies to address important ecological questions.

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