Modeling Effects of Environmental Change on Wolf Population Dynamics, Trait Evolution, and Life History

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 334 (6060) ◽  
pp. 1275-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Coulson ◽  
D. R. MacNulty ◽  
D. R. Stahler ◽  
B. vonHoldt ◽  
R. K. Wayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Trait Evolution

scholarly journals Environmental change effects on life history traits and population dynamics of anadromous fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza ◽  
André M. de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMigration, the recurring movement of individuals between a breeding and a non-breeding habitat, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Since the life cycle of migratory species involves two habitats, they are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, which may affect either of these habitats as well as the travel between them. In this study, we investigate the consequences of environmental change affecting older life history stages for the population dynamics and the individual life history of a migratory population. In particular, we use a theoretical approach to study how increased energetic cost of the breeding travel and reduced survival and food availability in the non-breeding habitat affect an anadromous fish population. These unfavorable conditions have impacts at individual and population level. First, when conditions deteriorate individuals in the breeding habitat have a higher growth rate as a consequence of reductions in spawning that reduce competition. Second, population abundance decreases, and its dynamics change from stable to oscillations with a period of four years. The oscillations are caused by the density-dependent feedback between individuals within a cohort through the food abundance in the breeding habitat, which results in alternation of a strong and a weak cohort. Our results explain how environmental change, by affecting older life history stages, has multiple consequences for other life stages and for the entire population. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and highlight the need for mechanistic understanding of the interactions between life history and population dynamics in response to environmental change.

scholarly journals The ecology and significance of below-ground bud banks in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline P Ott ◽  
Jitka Klimešová ◽  
David C Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Bud Banks

AbstractBackgroundBelow-ground bud banks have experienced much recent interest due to discoveries that they (1) account for the majority of seasonal population renewal in many communities, (2) are crucial to regeneration following disturbance, and (3) have important consequences for plant population dynamics and plant and ecosystem function across a number of habitats.ScopeThis review presents an overview of the role of bud banks in plant population renewal, examines bud bank life history, summarizes bud bank traits and their potential ecological implications, synthesizes the response of bud banks to disturbance, and highlights gaps to guide future research. The characteristics and life history of buds, including their natality, dormancy, protection and longevity, provide a useful framework for advancing our understanding of bud banks. The fate of buds depends on their age, size, type, location, and biotic and abiotic factors that collectively regulate bud bank dynamics. A bud bank can provide a demographic storage effect stabilizing population dynamics, and also confer resistance to disturbance and invasion. Regeneration capacity following disturbance is determined by interactions among the rates of bud natality, depletion and dormancy (meristem limitation), and the resources available to support the regeneration process. The resulting response of plants and their bud banks to disturbances such as fire, herbivory and anthropogenic sources determines the community’s regenerative capacity.ConclusionsVegetation responses to environmental change may be mediated through changes in bud bank dynamics and phenology. Environmental change that depletes the bud bank or prohibits its formation likely results in a loss of vegetation resilience and plant species diversity. Standardization of bud sampling, examination of bud banks in more ecosystems and their response to environmental variation and disturbance regimes, employment of stage-structured bud bank modelling and evaluation of the cost of bud bank construction and maintenance will benefit this expanding field of research.

Population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-429
Author(s):  
Ye Ji Lee ◽  
Won Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Female Size ◽  
History Of

Abstract The population dynamics of Stenothoe valida Dana, 1852 were studied at Cheongsapo beach of Busan, Republic of Korea, from March 2019 to March 2020. Sampling was conducted once a month at low tide during spring tides. Specimens were grouped by the cephalic length at 0.025 mm intervals, and classified into four categories: females, ovigerous females, males and juveniles. The sex ratio, defined as females : total males + females, exceeded 0.5 during most of the study period. Brood size was significantly coupled with ovigerous female size. Two to four cohorts appeared at each study period. New cohorts occurred at almost every sampling except in the samples Jun-2, and Nov-2. Life span was estimated at 1-2 months. The juvenile ratio, the ratio of ovigerous females, and the recruitment rate estimated by FiSAT were commonly high in summer and winter. The life history of S. valida was not coupled with water temperature, but had a strong seasonal pattern.

scholarly journals Larval density, temperature and biological aspects of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reigada ◽  
W.A.C. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Chrysomya Megacephala ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Simultaneous Influence

The effect of larval density on the survival, fecundity and body size at two temperatures in experimental populations of C. megacephala was studied. No effect from simultaneous influence of density and temperature on life history characteristics of C. megacephala was found. Significant effects of density and temperature on survival, fecundity and body size were observed. The importance of these results for the population dynamics of C. megacephala is discussed.

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