scholarly journals Response to Comment on "Universality in the Evolution of Orientation Columns in the Visual Cortex"

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 336 (6080) ◽  
pp. 413-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Keil ◽  
M. Kaschube ◽  
M. Schnabel ◽  
Z. F. Kisvarday ◽  
S. Lowel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Orientation Columns

scholarly journals Subdomains within orientation columns of primary visual cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaaw0807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Xue Mei Song ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Dewen Hu ◽  
Anna Wang Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Form Processing ◽  
Orientation Columns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In the mammalian visual system, early stages of visual form processing begin with orientation-selective neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). In many species (including humans, monkeys, tree shrews, cats, and ferrets), these neurons are organized in a beautifully arrayed pinwheel-like orientation columns, which shift in orientation preference across V1. However, to date, the relationship of orientation architecture to the encoding of multiple elemental aspects of visual contours is still unknown. Here, using a novel, highly accurate method of targeting electrode position, we report for the first time the presence of three subdomains within single orientation domains. We suggest that these zones subserve computation of distinct aspects of visual contours and propose a novel tripartite pinwheel-centered view of an orientation hypercolumn.

Interocular torsional disparity and visual cortical development in the cat

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Isley ◽  
D. C. Rogers-Ramachandran ◽  
P. G. Shinkman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Orientation Columns ◽  
Areas 17 And 18 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Cortical

1. The present experiments were designed to assess the effects of relatively large optically induced interocular torsional disparities on the developing kitten visual cortex. Kittens were reared with restricted visual experience. Three groups viewed a normal visual environment through goggles fitted with small prisms that introduced torsional disparities between the left and right eyes' visual fields, equal but opposite in the two eyes. Kittens in the +32 degrees goggle rearing condition experienced a 16 degrees counterclockwise rotation of the left visual field and a 16 degrees clockwise rotation of the right visual field; in the -32 degrees goggle condition the rotations were clockwise in the left eye and counterclockwise in the right. In the control (0 degree) goggle condition, the prisms did not rotate the visual fields. Three additional groups viewed high-contrast square-wave gratings through Polaroid filters arranged to provide a constant 32 degrees of interocular orientation disparity. 2. Recordings were made from neurons in visual cortex around the border of areas 17 and 18 in all kittens. Development of cortical ocular dominance columns was severely disrupted in all the experimental (rotated) rearing conditions. Most cells were classified in the extreme ocular dominance categories 1, 2, 6, and 7. Development of the system of orientation columns was also affected: among the relatively few cells with oriented receptive fields in both eyes, the distributions of interocular disparities in preferred stimulus orientation were centered near 0 degree but showed significantly larger variances than in the control condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3D visualization of the orientation columns in cat primary visual cortex using functional optical coherence tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e69-e70
Author(s):  
Yu Nakamichi ◽  
Valery A. Kalatsky ◽  
Hideyuki Watanabe ◽  
Uma Maheswari Rajagopalan ◽  
Manabu Tanifuji
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Orientation Columns

Orientation columns in macaque monkey visual cortex demonstrated by the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique

Nature ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 269 (5626) ◽  
pp. 328-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. HUBEL ◽  
TORSTEN N. WIESEL ◽  
MICHAEL P. STRYKER
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Orientation Columns ◽  
Monkey Visual Cortex ◽  
Autoradiographic Technique

scholarly journals What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bressloff ◽  
Jack D. Cowan ◽  
Martin Golubitsky ◽  
Peter J. Thomas ◽  
Matthew C. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Lateral Connectivity ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Orientation Columns ◽  
Detailed Specification ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Cortical Map ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Many observers see geometric visual hallucinations after taking hallucinogens such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline or psilocybin; on viewing bright flickering lights; on waking up or falling asleep; in “near-death” experiences; and in many other syndromes. Klüver organized the images into four groups called form constants: (I) tunnels and funnels, (II) spirals, (III) lattices, including honeycombs and triangles, and (IV) cobwebs. In most cases, the images are seen in both eyes and move with them. We interpret this to mean that they are generated in the brain. Here, we summarize a theory of their origin in visual cortex (area V1), based on the assumption that the form of the retino–cortical map and the architecture of V1 determine their geometry. (A much longer and more detailed mathematical version has been published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 356 [2001].) We model V1 as the continuum limit of a lattice of interconnected hypercolumns, each comprising a number of interconnected iso-orientation columns. Based on anatomical evidence, we assume that the lateral connectivity between hypercolumns exhibits symmetries, rendering it invariant under the action of the Euclidean group E(2), composed of reflections and translations in the plane, and a (novel) shift-twist action. Using this symmetry, we show that the various patterns of activity that spontaneously emerge when V1's spatially uniform resting state becomes unstable correspond to the form constants when transformed to the visual field using the retino-cortical map. The results are sensitive to the detailed specification of the lateral connectivity and suggest that the cortical mechanisms that generate geometric visual hallucinations are closely related to those used to process edges, contours, surfaces, and textures.

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