In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 330 (6010) ◽  
pp. 1515-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yu Huang ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Chong Min Wang ◽  
John P. Sullivan ◽  
Wu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Transmission Electron

We report the creation of a nanoscale electrochemical device inside a transmission electron microscope—consisting of a single tin dioxide (SnO2) nanowire anode, an ionic liquid electrolyte, and a bulk lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) cathode—and the in situ observation of the lithiation of the SnO2 nanowire during electrochemical charging. Upon charging, a reaction front propagated progressively along the nanowire, causing the nanowire to swell, elongate, and spiral. The reaction front is a “Medusa zone” containing a high density of mobile dislocations, which are continuously nucleated and absorbed at the moving front. This dislocation cloud indicates large in-plane misfit stresses and is a structural precursor to electrochemically driven solid-state amorphization. Because lithiation-induced volume expansion, plasticity, and pulverization of electrode materials are the major mechanical effects that plague the performance and lifetime of high-capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries, our observations provide important mechanistic insight for the design of advanced batteries.

scholarly journals Polythiophene coated aromatic polyimide enabled ultrafast and sustainable lithium ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
pp. 24083-24090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Lyu ◽  
Jiurong Liu ◽  
Shannon Mahurin ◽  
Sheng Dai ◽  
Zhanhu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aromatic Polyimide ◽  
Chemical Oxidation Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Method

Organic composite electrode materials based on aromatic polyimide (PI) and electron conductive polythiophene (PT) have been prepared by a facile in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method. The optimized composite electrode PI30PT delivers a remarkable high-rate cyclability, achieving a high capacity of 89.6 mA h g−1 at 20 C with capacity retention of 94% after 1000 cycles.

In situ observation of the sodiation process in CuO nanowires

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (52) ◽  
pp. 10443-10446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Liu ◽  
Fan Cao ◽  
He Zheng ◽  
Huaping Sheng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cuo Nanowires ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

We observed the dynamic evolution of the morphology and phase transformations of CuO nanowires during sodiation using in situ transmission electron microscopy. These results will facilitate our fundamental understanding of the sodiation mechanism of CuO nanostructures used as electrode materials in sodium ion batteries.

Mechanistic Study of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries beyond Lithium Ion by In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Guo ◽  
yousaf Muhammad ◽  
Ufra Naseer ◽  
Yiju Li ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of advanced electrode materials at the atomic scale during the electrochemical process is condemnatory to develop the high-performance rechargeable batteries. The complex electrochemical reactions involved inside...

scholarly journals Real Time Observation of Lithium Insertion into Pre-Cycled Conversion-Type Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Sooyeon Hwang ◽  
Dong Su
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Lithium Insertion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Real Time Observation

Conversion-type electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries experience significant structural changes during the first discharge–charge cycle, where a single particle is taken apart into a number of nanoparticles. This structural evolution may affect the following lithium insertion reactions; however, how lithiation occurs in pre-cycled electrode materials is elusive. In this work, in situ transmission electron microscopy was employed to see the lithium-induced structural and chemical evolutions in pre-cycled nickel oxide as a model system. The introduction of lithium ions induced the evolution of metallic nickel, with volume expansion as a result of a conversion reaction. After pre-cycling, the phase evolutions occurred in two separate areas almost at the same time. This is different from the first lithiation, where the phase change takes place successively, with a boundary dividing the reacted and unreacted areas. Structural changes were restricted at the areas having large amount of fluorine, implying the residuals from the decomposition of electrolytes may have hindered the electrochemical reactions. This work provides insights into phase and chemical evolutions in pre-cycled conversion-type materials, which govern electrochemical properties during operation.

Structural Characterization of Carbon Materials Prepared at Low Temperature

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yun Song ◽  
Xi Chu ◽  
Kimio Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTHigh-capacity carbon electrodes for rechageable lithium-ion batteries were prepared by carbonization of thermosetting resins such as phenol-formaldehyde at temperatures between 500°C and 600°C. Their structures were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, in-situ transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. These studies suggest that the carbons consist predominantly of disorganized (amorphous) phase. However evidence was found in carbon containing nickel cobalt oxide for the presence of organized graphite-like regions of parallel and curved layer planes. These graphitized structure usually appear as agglomerate particles which are composed of many smaller (100-nm diameter) particles. The high degree of graphitization is attributed to catalytic graphitization that occurs in the presence of the metal oxide.

scholarly journals TiO2–Fe2O3 nanocomposites as high-capacity negative electrode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Ding ◽  
T. Nohira ◽  
R. Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Negative Electrodes ◽  
Negative Electrode Materials

TiO2–Fe2O3 negative electrodes deliver a high reversible capacity exceeding 360 mA h g−1 in an ionic liquid electrolyte at 363 K.

In situ transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy studies of interfaces in Li ion batteries: Challenges and opportunities

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Wang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
D.W. Choi ◽  
B. Arey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Atomic Column ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Transmission Electron

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy have been evolved to a stage such that they can be routinely used to probe the structure and composition of the materials with the resolution of a single atomic column. However, a direct in situ TEM observation of structural evolution of the materials in a lithium ion battery during dynamic operation of the battery has never been reported. In this paper, we report the results of exploring the in situ TEM techniques for observation of interfaces in the lithium ion battery during the operation of the battery. A miniature battery was fabricated using a single nanowire and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The structure and composition of the interface across the anode and the electrolyte was studied using TEM imaging, electron diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In addition, we also explored the possibilities of carrying out in situ TEM studies of lithium ion batteries with a solid state electrolyte.

In situ observation of the martensitic transformation in (Mg,Y)-PSZ

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
R-R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Applied Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.

In situ TEM observations of melting in nanosized eutectic Pb-Cd inclusions embedded in Al

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 986-987
Author(s):  
S. Hagège ◽  
U. Dahmen ◽  
E. Johnson ◽  
A. Johansen ◽  
V.S. Tuboltsev
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Transmission Electron

Small particles of a low-melting phase embedded in a solid matrix with a higher melting point offer the possibility of studying the mechanisms of melting and solidification directly by in-situ observation in a transmission electron microscope. Previous studies of Pb, Cd and other low-melting inclusions embedded in an Al matrix have shown well-defined orientation relationships, strongly faceted shapes, and an unusual size-dependent superheating before melting.[e.g. 1,2].In the present study we have examined the shapes and thermal behavior of eutectic Pb-Cd inclusions in Al. Pb and Cd form a simple eutectic system with each other, but both elements are insoluble in solid Al. Ternary alloys of Al (Pb,Cd) were prepared from high purity elements by melt spinning or by sequential ion implantation of the two alloying additions to achieve a total alloying addition of up to lat%. TEM observations were made using a heating stage in a 200kV electron microscope equipped with a video system for recording dynamic behavior.

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