Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China

Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 324 (5931) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Wignall ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
D. P. G. Bond ◽  
G. Izon ◽  
R. J. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Permian

The mid-Capitanian (Middle Permian) mass extinction and carbon isotope record of South China

2010 ◽  
Vol 292 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 282-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P.G. Bond ◽  
P.B. Wignall ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
G. Izon ◽  
H.-S. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

scholarly journals Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22500-22504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Henehan ◽  
Andy Ridgwell ◽  
Ellen Thomas ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Laia Alegret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Chicxulub Impact

Mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary coincides with the Chicxulub bolide impact and also falls within the broader time frame of Deccan trap emplacement. Critically, though, empirical evidence as to how either of these factors could have driven observed extinction patterns and carbon cycle perturbations is still lacking. Here, using boron isotopes in foraminifera, we document a geologically rapid surface-ocean pH drop following the Chicxulub impact, supporting impact-induced ocean acidification as a mechanism for ecological collapse in the marine realm. Subsequently, surface water pH rebounded sharply with the extinction of marine calcifiers and the associated imbalance in the global carbon cycle. Our reconstructed water-column pH gradients, combined with Earth system modeling, indicate that a partial ∼50% reduction in global marine primary productivity is sufficient to explain observed marine carbon isotope patterns at the K-Pg, due to the underlying action of the solubility pump. While primary productivity recovered within a few tens of thousands of years, inefficiency in carbon export to the deep sea lasted much longer. This phased recovery scenario reconciles competing hypotheses previously put forward to explain the K-Pg carbon isotope records, and explains both spatially variable patterns of change in marine productivity across the event and a lack of extinction at the deep sea floor. In sum, we provide insights into the drivers of the last mass extinction, the recovery of marine carbon cycling in a postextinction world, and the way in which marine life imprints its isotopic signal onto the geological record.

scholarly journals Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1852) ◽  
pp. 20170231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Brocklehurst ◽  
Michael O. Day ◽  
Bruce S. Rubidge ◽  
Jörg Fröbisch
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Substantial Change

The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably reduced richness of amphibians, replaced this. However, it is debated whether the transition is a genuine event, accompanied by a mass extinction, or whether it is merely an artefact of the shift in sampling from the palaeoequatorial latitudes to the palaeotemperate latitudes. Here we use an up-to-date biostratigraphy and incorporate recent discoveries to thoroughly review the Permian tetrapod fossil record. We suggest that the faunal transition represents a genuine event; the lower Permian temperate faunas are more similar to lower Permian equatorial faunas than middle Permian temperate faunas. The transition was not consistent across latitudes; the turnover occurred more rapidly in Russia, but was delayed in North America. The argument that the mass extinction is an artefact of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a shift in sampling localities is rejected: sampling correction demonstrates an inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient was prevalent during the Permian, with peak diversity in the temperate latitudes.

Guadalupian (Middle Permian) ocean redox evolution in South China and its implications for mass extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 530 ◽  
pp. 119318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengye Wei ◽  
Zhanwen Tang ◽  
Detian Yan ◽  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Andrew P. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Redox Evolution

scholarly journals Disentangling the Hettangian carbon isotope record: Implications for the aftermath of the end-Triassic mass extinction

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bartolini ◽  
J. Guex ◽  
J. E. Spangenberg ◽  
B. Schoene ◽  
D. G. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Isotope Record
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