scholarly journals Identifying Autism Loci and Genes by Tracing Recent Shared Ancestry

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 321 (5886) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Morrow ◽  
S.-Y. Yoo ◽  
S. W. Flavell ◽  
T.-K. Kim ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shared Ancestry

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Genetic evidence of shared ancestry among diverse ethno-linguistic human populations of Himachal Pradesh

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 145373
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Vivek Sahajpal ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Malay Shukla ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Shared Ancestry

scholarly journals Transposable elements contribute to dynamic genome content in maize

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N Anderson ◽  
Michelle C Stitzer ◽  
Alex B. Brohammer ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Jaclyn M Noshay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Maize Genome ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Dynamic Genome ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Genome Assemblies

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes and can create variation in genomic organization. The majority of maize genomes are composed of TEs. We developed an approach to define shared and variable TE insertions across genome assemblies and applied this method to four maize genomes (B73, W22, Mo17, and PH207). Among these genomes we identified 1.6 Gb of variable TE sequence representing a combination of recent TE movement and deletion of previously existing TEs. Although recent TE movement only accounted for a portion of the TE variability, we identified 4,737 TEs unique to one genome with defined insertion sites in all other genomes. Variable TEs are found for all superfamilies and are distributed across the genome, including in regions of recent shared ancestry among individuals. There are 2,380 genes annotated in the B73 genome located within variable TEs, providing evidence for the role of TEs in contributing to the substantial differences in gene content among these genotypes. The large scope of TE variation present in this limited sample of temperate maize genomes highlights the major contribution of TEs in driving variation in genome organization and gene content.Significance StatementThe majority of the maize genome is comprised of transposable elements (TEs) that have the potential to create genomic variation within species. We developed a method to identify shared and non-shared TEs using whole genome assemblies of four maize inbred lines. Variable TEs are found throughout the maize genome and in comparisons of any two genomes we find ~20% of the genome is due to non-shared TEs. Several thousand maize genes are found within TEs that are variable across lines, highlighting the contribution of TEs to gene content variation. This study creates a comprehensive resource for genomic studies of TE variability among four maize genomes, which will enable studies on the consequences of variable TEs on genome function.

Shared Ancestry, Evolving Stories: Similar and Contrasting Life Experiences Described by Foreign Born and U.S. Born Latino Parents

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ RUBÉN PARRA-CARDONA ◽  
DAVID CÓRDOVA ◽  
KENDAL HOLTROP ◽  
FRANCISCO A. VILLARRUEL ◽  
ELIZABETH WIELING
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Latino Parents ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Shared Ancestry

scholarly journals The evolution of traditional knowledge: environment shapes medicinal plant use in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1780) ◽  
pp. 20132768 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Haris Saslis-Lagoudakis ◽  
Julie A. Hawkins ◽  
Simon J. Greenhill ◽  
Colin A. Pendry ◽  
Mark F. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Traditional knowledge is influenced by ancestry, inter-cultural diffusion and interaction with the natural environment. It is problematic to assess the contributions of these influences independently because closely related ethnic groups may also be geographically close, exposed to similar environments and able to exchange knowledge readily. Medicinal plant use is one of the most important components of traditional knowledge, since plants provide healthcare for up to 80% of the world's population. Here, we assess the significance of ancestry, geographical proximity of cultures and the environment in determining medicinal plant use for 12 ethnic groups in Nepal. Incorporating phylogenetic information to account for plant evolutionary relatedness, we calculate pairwise distances that describe differences in the ethnic groups' medicinal floras and floristic environments. We also determine linguistic relatedness and geographical separation for all pairs of ethnic groups. We show that medicinal uses are most similar when cultures are found in similar floristic environments. The correlation between medicinal flora and floristic environment was positive and strongly significant, in contrast to the effects of shared ancestry and geographical proximity. These findings demonstrate the importance of adaptation to local environments, even at small spatial scale, in shaping traditional knowledge during human cultural evolution.

scholarly journals Admixture into and within sub-Saharan Africa

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
George BJ Busby ◽  
Gavin Band ◽  
Quang Si Le ◽  
Muminatou Jallow ◽  
Edith Bougama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Insight Into

Similarity between two individuals in the combination of genetic markers along their chromosomes indicates shared ancestry and can be used to identify historical connections between different population groups due to admixture. We use a genome-wide, haplotype-based, analysis to characterise the structure of genetic diversity and gene-flow in a collection of 48 sub-Saharan African groups. We show that coastal populations experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes over the last 7000 years, and that Eastern and Southern Niger-Congo speaking groups share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions. In fact, most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of gene-flow within the last 4000 years. Our in-depth analysis provides insight into haplotype sharing across different ethno-linguistic groups and the recent movement of alleles into new environments, both of which are relevant to studies of genetic epidemiology.

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