Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 318 (5857) ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krkosek ◽  
J. S. Ford ◽  
A. Morton ◽  
S. Lele ◽  
R. A. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farm Salmon

scholarly journals Response to Comment on "Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon"

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 322 (5909) ◽  
pp. 1790.3-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krkošek ◽  
Jennifer S. Ford ◽  
Alexandra Morton ◽  
Subhash Lele ◽  
Mark A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farm Salmon

We evaluated the effect of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations on wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) populations in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. Riddell et al. suggest that we ignored factors and selectively used data. Here, we clarify misunderstandings and provide analysis to test the strength of our conclusions.

Comment on "Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon"

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 322 (5909) ◽  
pp. 1790.2-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Riddell ◽  
Richard J. Beamish ◽  
Laura J. Richards ◽  
John R. Candy
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Farm Salmon

Krkošek et al. (Reports, 14 December 2007, p. 1772) claimed that sea lice spread from salmon farms placed wild pink salmon populations “on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction.” Their prediction is inconsistent with observed pink salmon returns and overstates the risks from sea lice and salmon farming.

scholarly journals Relationship of farm salmon, sea lice, and wild salmon populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (52) ◽  
pp. 22599-22604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Marty ◽  
S. M. Saksida ◽  
T. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sea Lice ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Farm Salmon ◽  
Relationship Of

Movements and survival of sonically tagged farmed Atlantic salmon released in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Whoriskey ◽  
Paul Brooking ◽  
Gino Doucette ◽  
Stephen Tinker ◽  
Jonathan W. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Receiver Array ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract We sonically tagged and released farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from a cage site in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA. The fish were released in January (n = 75) and in April and May (n = 198) 2004 to study their movement patterns and survival and to assess the possibility of recapturing them. Inshore and offshore waters in this region are subject to intense tidal currents. Tagged salmon dispersed >1 km from the cage site within a few hours of their release. Mortality was high within Cobscook Bay and the surrounding coastal region (56% of the winter (January) releases; 84% of the spring (March) releases), probably the result of seal predation. Most surviving fish exited the coastal zone and entered the Bay of Fundy along the routes of the dominant tidal currents, passing through Canadian waters. No tagged fish were detected during the wild salmon spawning season in autumn 2004 in any of the 43 monitored salmon rivers draining into the Bay of Fundy, or during 2005 either in the Magaguadavic River, the site of the hatchery in which the fish were reared to the smolt stage, or by a limited coastal receiver array.

Kidney Disease in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in the Margaree River

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2535-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. C. Pippy
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
River System ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon

Bacterial kidney disease was presumptively identified in each of 25 hatchery-reared juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) but in only 2 of 235 wild juveniles in the Margaree River system. Apparently spread of disease from the hatchery to wild salmon in the river is very gradual.

scholarly journals Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (35) ◽  
pp. 14700-14704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krkosek ◽  
B. M. Connors ◽  
A. Morton ◽  
M. A. Lewis ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Salmon

Transferrin Polymorphism in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Møller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Transferrin Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Agar

Three main patterns of transferrins, made up of two molecular types, were found by starch–agar electrophoresis in plasma of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).Distributions of the observed patterns from progenies of three hatchery matings agreed with expected Mendelian distributions in offspring of known parentage, implying that the bands have their origin in two codominant alleles. In nearly all samples of the wild salmon the genetic basis of transferrin variation was demonstrated by nonsignificant differences between observed and expected distributions when the Hardy–Weinberg formula was applied.Frequencies of the TfA allele differed in samples from different rivers and within the same river; the Atlantic salmon forms genetically different populations. Interchange of stocks probably influenced the values of the different gene frequencies found.

scholarly journals Thevgll3locus controls age at maturity in wild and domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) males

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ayllon ◽  
Erik Kjærner-Semb ◽  
Tomasz Furmanek ◽  
Vidar Wennevik ◽  
Monica F Solberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Age At Maturation ◽  
Sexually Mature

Wild and domesticated Atlantic salmon males display large variation for sea age at sexual maturation, which varies between 1-5 years. Previous studies have uncovered a genetic predisposition for age at maturity with moderate heritability, thus suggesting a polygenic or complex nature of this trait. The aim of this study was to identify associated genetic loci, genes and ultimately specific sequence variants conferring sea age at maturity in salmon. We performed a GWAS using a pool sequencing approach (20 individuals per river and trait) of salmon returning to rivers as sexually mature either after one sea winter (2009) or three sea winters (2011) in six rivers in Norway. The study revealed one major selective sweep, which covered 76 significant SNP in which 74 were found in a 370 kb region of chromosome 25. Genotyping other smolt year classes of wild salmon and domesticated salmon confirmed this finding. Genotyping domesticated fish narrowed the haplotype region to four SNPs covering 2386 bp, containing thevgll3gene, including two missense mutations explaining 33-36% phenotypic variation. This study demonstrates a single locus playing a highly significant role in governing sea age at maturation in this species. The SNPs identified may be both used as markers to guide breeding for late maturity in salmon aquaculture and in monitoring programs of wild salmon. Interestingly, a SNP in proximity of the VGLL3 gene in human (Homo sapiens), has previously been linked to age at puberty suggesting a conserved mechanism for timing of puberty in vertebrates.

“Even the Evil Need a Place to Live”: Wild Salmon, Salmon Farming, and Zoning of the Icelandic Coastline

Fisheries ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur Gudjonsson ◽  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia
Keyword(s):  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Salmon Farming

scholarly journals Fishery collapse, recovery, and the cryptic decline of wild salmon on a major California river

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Willmes ◽  
James A. Hobbs ◽  
Anna M. Sturrock ◽  
Zachary Bess ◽  
Levi S. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
River System ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Feather River ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fishery Collapse ◽  
Salmon Fishery

Fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento–San Joaquin River system form the backbone of California’s salmon fishery and are heavily subsidized through hatchery production. Identifying temporal trends in the relative contribution of hatchery- versus wild-spawned salmon is vital for assessing the status and resiliency of wild salmon populations. Here, we reconstructed the proportion of hatchery fish on natural spawning grounds in the Feather River, a major tributary to the Sacramento River, using strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of otoliths collected during carcass surveys from 2002 to 2010. Our results show that prior to the 2007–2008 salmon stock collapse, 55%–67% of in-river spawners were of hatchery origin; however, hatchery contributions increased drastically (89%) in 2010 following the collapse. Data from a recent hatchery marking program corroborate our results, showing that hatchery fish continued to dominate (∼90%) in 2011–2012. Though the rebound in abundance of salmon in the Feather River suggests recovery of the stock postcollapse, our otolith chemistry data document a persistent decline of wild spawners, likely leading to the erosion of locally adapted Feather River salmon populations.

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