BEHAVIOR: The Social Origin of Mind

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 317 (5843) ◽  
pp. 1326-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
Origin Of Mind

scholarly journals Social origin and educational attainment in China: a historical analysis of 70 birth cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Fang ◽  
Xiaotian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of social origin on educational attainment is conditioned on the social context in which people live. In recent decades, with changes in the Chinese society, how has the impact of social origin on educational inequality changed? Based on an analysis of 70 birth cohorts, this study details the effect of social origin on educational inequality and its trends over the past 70 years. The results of this study also indicate that the historical stages hypothesis (HSH) and model-shift hypothesis (MSH) emphasized in previous studies cannot fully describe the historical changes in educational inequality. In addition to macrosocial processes, there may exist other structural factors that also affect educational inequality but are neglected. The social context and its transformation, which shaped the relationship between social origin and educational inequality, need to be examined in more detail.

The Social Origin of Executives

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-91
Author(s):  
George Fischer ◽  
Paul Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social

Entrainment and the Social Origin of Musical Rhythm

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination ◽  
Alfred Schütz

Chapter 12 develops Maurice Halbwachs’ concern with social interaction in theorizing rhythm. Taking inspiration from Halbwachs’ view of rhythm as social not natural, the chapter outlines a new approach to the question that Halbwachs leaves unanswered: If musical rhythm is social in origin, how does it come into being—how is his “prior collective agreement” reached? Alfred Schütz, although casting Halbwachs as the straw man in his famous essay “Making Music Together,” did not contest the latter’s point about the social origin of rhythm. Schütz’s argument—that all communication is made possible by what he called the “mutual tuning-in relationship” in which individuals come to share their experience of inner time—does contradict Halbwachs: for Schütz, rhythmic coordination is prior to any collective agreement. The author argues that rhythm in fact emerges spontaneously both in individuals and, crucially, in interactions between them, and that it is therefore both natural (physiological) and social in origin.

Social Origin Is No Destiny: Background, Institutionalization, and Electoral Performance of New Political Parties in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Rybář ◽  
Peter Spáč
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
European Democracy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Entrepreneur ◽  
Party Institutionalization ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
Electoral Performance

The existing research suggests that socially rooted new political parties are more likely to be reelected to parliaments than parties emerging without links to preexisting social groups. It is argued that the two groups face different prospects of institutionalization: Rooted parties are more viable because their links to preexisting societal groups contribute to a higher sustainability of their electoral support and stronger institutionalization. We assess the link between the origin of parties, their level of institutionalization, and their electoral performance in the context of Slovakia, a new Eastern European democracy. We add to the existing state of knowledge in three ways. First, we empirically assess the link between the social origin of parties and their level of institutionalization. We also provide rich empirical material on the intraparty processes resulting in various levels of institutionalization. Subsequently, we assess whether rooted parties record better electoral performance than political entrepreneur parties. Second, we provide some illustration of the fact that agential factors, especially the decisions and activities related to leadership contestation, directly impact both party institutionalization and electoral performance. Third, we show that developing the links to a sociostructurally well-defined electorate may be a viable strategy to secure a parliamentary relevance for a prolonged period of time for some political entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest that parties with different levels of institutionalization are able to secure reelection, and that their electoral performance is not directly linked to their social origins.

scholarly journals Migration, Occupational Identity, and Societal Openness in Nineteenth-Century Belgium

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (S13) ◽  
pp. 179-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van de Putte ◽  
Michel Oris ◽  
Muriel Neven ◽  
Koen Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectoral Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This article examines social heterogamy as an indicator of “societal openness”, by which is meant the extent to which social origin, as defined by the social position of one's parents, is used as the main criterion for selection of a marriage partner. We focus on two topics. The role first of migration and then of occupational identity in this selection of a partner according to social origin. And in order to evaluate the true social and economic context in which spouses lived, we do not use a nationwide sample but rather choose to examine marriage certificates from eleven cities and villages in Belgium, both Flemish and Walloon, during the nineteenth century. By observing different patterns of homogamy according to social origin we show in this article that partner selection was affected by the relationship between migration, occupational identity and class structure. It seems difficult to interpret all these divergent patterns in terms of modernization. In our opinion the historical context creates a complicated set of conditions reflected in differences in the type and strength of migration and in the sectoral composition and evolution of the local economy. The whole exerts an influence over partner selection.

scholarly journals Open House? Class-Specific Career Opportunities within German Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Frerk Blome ◽  
Christina Möller ◽  
Anja Böning
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Career ◽  
German Universities

This article focuses on the development of class-specific inequalities within German universities. Based on data on the social origin of students, doctoral students, and professors in the long-term cross-section, the article views the empirically observable dynamic of social closure of higher education since the 1950s. The focus of interest is on the level of the professorship. Data show that career conditions for underprivileged groups have deteriorated again. This finding is discussed in the context of social closure theories. The article argues that closure theories consider social closure processes primarily as intentional patterns of action, aimed at a strategic monopolization of participation, and securing social power. Such an analytical approach means that unintended closure processes remain understudied. Our conclusion is that concealed modes of reproduction of social structures ought to be examined and theorized more intensively due to their importance for the elimination of social inequality within universities.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of social background on the wages of Spanish graduates before and during a crisis context

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fachelli ◽  
Dani Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Relationship

The economic context may have modified the relationship between higher education and the labour market. The rise in university fees, the labour market situation and the behaviour of employers, families and students could activate social background as a differentiating factor in post-higher education occupational status. The objective of the present study is to analyze if the social origin affects the labor insertion of the graduates, measured through their income. The labor insertion of graduates is analyzed in 2011 (crisis period) and compared with 2005 (period of economic expansion).Two Spanish databases are used in this analysis: the 2005 and 2011 Living Conditions Survey. The results presented show no income inequality related to social class of graduates. Between 2005 and 2011 most unskilled occupations suffered job destruction, thus homogenizing to some extent the graduates who were working in 2011 and reducing the internal differences.

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