THE EARLY YEARS: Algorithm-Guided Individualized Reading Instruction

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 315 (5811) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Connor ◽  
F. J. Morrison ◽  
B. J. Fishman ◽  
C. Schatschneider ◽  
P. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Individualized Reading

Language and reading instruction in early years’ classrooms: the knowledge and self-rated ability of Australian teachers

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Stark ◽  
Pamela C. Snow ◽  
Patricia A. Eadie ◽  
Sharon R. Goldfeld
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Early Years

Individual Differences in Word-Level Skills and Paragraph Reading Comprehension in a (Semi-) Transparent Orthography

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872096366
Author(s):  
Tatiana Logvinenko ◽  
Connor Cheek ◽  
Shiva Khalaf ◽  
Natalia Prikhoda ◽  
Marina A. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Transparent Orthography ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Teaching Of Reading

Research into reading difficulties in Russian has been taking place for about a century, since the 1920s. Early research established a line of studies on reading acquisition difficulties in the context of highly structured practices of teaching reading. These practices were propagated in the mid-late 19th century by Konstantin Ushinskii, who designed a mass system for the directed teaching of reading in Russian based on the mastery of spoken Russian (namely its phonics, phonology, orthography, and morphology). During the Soviet period, this approach was packaged in a universal system that included programs for children and adults, and appears to have been responsible for the high literacy rates (i.e., near 100%) at the end of the last century. In the 1990s, an explosion of diverse reading programs surfaced, claiming to offer a contrast to the Ushinskii system’s universal but “boring” content. Nevertheless, the Ushinskii system regained popularity in the early years of the 21st century. Reincarnated and modernized, it once again constitutes the foundation of reading instruction in Russian schools. This article investigates the distribution of various reading-related skills among Russian primary-school students (Grades 2–4) in the context of this universally strong approach to teaching reading.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

Early Years Care and Education in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
S Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Early Years

Health and Class: The Early Years

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
M.E.J. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Early Years
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