Formation of Electron Holes and Particle Energization During Magnetic Reconnection

Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 299 (5608) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Particle Energization

scholarly journals Particle energization in 3D magnetic reconnection of relativistic pair plasmas

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 052105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Lin Yin ◽  
B. J. Albright ◽  
K. J. Bowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Particle Energization ◽  
Relativistic Pair

scholarly journals Brief Communication: The double layer in the separatrix region during magnetic reconnection

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
J. Guo ◽  
B. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Acoustic Instability ◽  
Ion Acoustic ◽  
Evolution Stage ◽  
Spatial Size ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Observation Results

Abstract. With two-dimensional (2-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations we investigate the evolution of the double layer (DL) driven by magnetic reconnection. Our results show that an electron beam can be generated in the separatrix region as magnetic reconnection proceeds. This electron beam could trigger the ion-acoustic instability; as a result, a DL accompanied with electron holes (EHs) can be found during the nonlinear evolution stage of this instability. The spatial size of the DL is about 10 Debye lengths. This DL propagates along the magnetic field at a velocity of about the ion-acoustic speed, which is consistent with the observation results.

scholarly journals Bursty emission of whistler waves in association with plasmoid collision

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Temperature Anisotropy ◽  
Whistler Waves ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Parallel Direction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Particle Energization

Abstract. A new mechanism to generate whistler waves in the course of collisionless magnetic reconnection is proposed. It is found that intense whistler emissions occur in association with plasmoid collisions. The key processes are strong perpendicular heating of the electrons through a secondary magnetic reconnection during plasmoid collision and the subsequent compression of the ambient magnetic field, leading to whistler instability due to the electron temperature anisotropy. The emissions have a bursty nature, completing in a short time within the ion timescales, as has often been observed in the Earth's magnetosphere. The whistler waves can accelerate the electrons in the parallel direction, contributing to the generation of high-energy electrons. The present study suggests that the bursty emission of whistler waves could be an indicator of plasmoid collisions and the associated particle energization during collisionless magnetic reconnection.

scholarly journals Review of Mercury’s dynamic magnetosphere: Post-MESSENGER era and comparative magnetospheres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Sun ◽  
Ryan M. Dewey ◽  
Sae Aizawa ◽  
Jia Huang ◽  
James A. Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spacecraft Mission ◽  
Joint Mission ◽  
Particle Energization

AbstractThis review paper summarizes the research of Mercury’s magnetosphere in the Post-MESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those in other planetary magnetospheres, especially to those in Earth’s magnetosphere. This review starts by introducing the planet Mercury, including its interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, exosphere, and conducting core. The frequent and intense magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause, which is represented by the flux transfer event “shower”, is reviewed on how they depend on magnetosheath plasma β and magnetic shear angle across the magnetopause, following by how it contributes to the flux circulation and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere coupling. In the next, Mercury’s magnetosphere under extreme solar events, including the core induction and the reconnection erosion on the dayside magnetosphere, the responses of the nightside magnetosphere, are reviewed. Then, the dawn-dusk properties of the plasma sheet, including the features of the ions, the structure of the current sheet, and the dynamics of magnetic reconnection, are summarized. The last topic is devoted to the particle energization in Mercury’s magnetosphere, which includes the energization of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves on the magnetopause boundaries, reconnection-generated magnetic structures, and the cross-tail electric field. In each chapter, the last section discusses the open questions related to each topic, which can be considered by the simulations and the future spacecraft mission. We end this paper by summarizing the future BepiColombo opportunities, which is a joint mission of ESA and JAXA and is en route to Mercury.

Recent advances on magnetic reconnection and dipolarization at Saturn

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Yao ◽  
Ruilong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Magnetospheric Dynamics ◽  
Mass Circulation ◽  
Particle Energization

<p>Magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are crucial processes in driving magnetospheric dynamics, including particle energization, mass circulation, auroral processes etc. Recent studies revealed that these processes at Saturn are fundamentally different to the ones at Earth. The reconnection and dipolarization processes are far more important than previously expected at Saturn’s dayside magnetodisc. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection was directly identified using Cassini measurements (Guo et al. 2018), and was found to be drizzle-like and rotating in Saturn’s magnetosphere (Yao et al. 2017 and Guo et al. 2019). Moreover, magnetic dipolarization could also exist at Saturn’s dayside, which is fundamentally different to the terrestrial situation (Yao et al. 2018). We here review these recent advances and their potential implications to future investigations, for example the application to Jupiter’s magnetosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics of electron holes generated in the separatrix region during antiparallel magnetic reconnection

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 6445-6454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Huang ◽  
Quanming Lu ◽  
Peiran Wang ◽  
Mingyu Wu ◽  
Shui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Electron Holes

scholarly journals Collisionless magnetic reconnection in a plasmoid chain

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Markidis ◽  
P. Henri ◽  
G. Lapenta ◽  
A. Divin ◽  
M. V. Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electron Distribution Function ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Kinetic Features

Abstract. The kinetic features of plasmoid chain formation and evolution are investigated by two dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. Magnetic reconnection is initiated in multiple X points by the tearing instability. Plasmoids form and grow in size by continuously coalescing. Each chain plasmoid exhibits a strong out-of plane core magnetic field and an out-of-plane electron current that drives the coalescing process. The disappearance of the X points in the coalescence process are due to anti-reconnection, a magnetic reconnection where the plasma inflow and outflow are reversed with respect to the original reconnection flow pattern. Anti-reconnection is characterized by the Hall magnetic field quadrupole signature. Two new kinetic features, not reported by previous studies of plasmoid chain evolution, are here revealed. First, intense electric fields develop in-plane normally to the separatrices and drive the ion dynamics in the plasmoids. Second, several bipolar electric field structures are localized in proximity of the plasmoid chain. The analysis of the electron distribution function and phase space reveals the presence of counter-streaming electron beams, unstable to the two stream instability, and phase space electron holes along the reconnection separatrices.

Observations of Slow Electron Holes at a Magnetic Reconnection Site

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Khotyaintsev ◽  
A. Vaivads ◽  
M. André ◽  
M. Fujimoto ◽  
A. Retinò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Slow Electron ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
Electron Holes

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

A large rotating structure around AB Doradus A at VLBI scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S354) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
J. B. Climent ◽  
J. C. Guirado ◽  
R. Azulay ◽  
J. M. Marcaide
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Main Sequence Star ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Vlbi Observations ◽  
Rotating Structure ◽  
Source Structure ◽  
Expected Position

AbstractWe report the results of three VLBI observations of the pre-main-sequence star AB Doradus A at 8.4 GHz. With almost three years between consecutive observations, we found a complex structure at the expected position of this star for all epochs. Maps at epochs 2007 and 2010 show a double core-halo morphology while the 2013 map reveals three emission peaks with separations between 5 and 18 stellar radii. Furthermore, all maps show a clear variation of the source structure within the observing time. We consider a number of hypothesis in order to explain such observations, mainly: magnetic reconnection in loops on the polar cap, a more general loop scenario and a close companion to AB Dor A.

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