scholarly journals Revealing the Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relation in halide-activated fast MoS 2 growth toward millimeter-sized 2D crystals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Ji ◽  
Cong Su ◽  
Nannan Mao ◽  
Xuezeng Tian ◽  
Juan-Carlos Idrobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2D Crystals

Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Tetanus Toxin

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Jeffry A. Reidler ◽  
John P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
2D Crystals

We have prepared two-dimensional (2D) crystals of tetanus toxin using procedures developed by Uzgiris and Kornberg for the directed production of 2D crystals of monoclonal antibodies at an antigen-phospholipid monolayer interface. The tetanus toxin crystals were formed using a small mole fraction of the natural receptor, GT1, incorporated into phosphatidyl choline monolayers. The crystals formed at low concentration overnight. Two dimensional crystals of this type are particularly useful for structure determination using electron microscopy and computer image refinement. Three dimensional (3D) structural information can be derived from these crystals by computer reconstruction of photographs of toxin crystals taken at different tilt angles. Such 3D reconstructions may help elucidate the mechanism of entry of the enzymatic subunit of toxins into cells, particularly since these crystals form directly on a membrane interface at similar concentrations of ganglioside GT1 to the natural cellular receptors.

Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Correlation Averaging of Frozen-Hydrated, Polymorphic 2D Crystals of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Channel

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Xiao-Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Rectangular Lattice ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Outer Membrane Channel ◽  
2D Crystals ◽  
Vdac Channel

Voltage-dependent, anion-selective channels (VDAC) are formed in the mitochondrial outer membrane (mitOM) by a 30-kDa polypeptide. These channels form ordered 2D arrays when mitOMs from Neurospora crassa are treated with soluble phospholipase A2. We obtain low-dose electron microscopic images of unstained specimens of VDAC crystals preserved in vitreous ice, using a Philips EM420 equipped with a Gatan cryo-transfer stage. We then use correlation analysis to compute average projections of the channel crystals. The procedure involves Fourier-filtration of a region within a crystal field to obtain a preliminary average that is subsequently cross-correlated with the entire crystal. Subregions are windowed from the crystal image at coordinates of peaks in the cross-correlation function (CCF, see Figures 1 and 2) and summed to form averages (Figure 3).The VDAC channel forms several different types of crystalline arrays in mitOMs. The polymorph first observed during phospholipase treatment is a parallelogram array (a=13 run, b=11.5 run, θ==109°) containing 6 water-filled pores per unit cell. Figure 1 shows the CCF of a sub-field of such an “oblique” array used to compute the correlation average of Figure 3A. With increased phospholipase treatment, other polymorphs are observed, often co-existing within the same crystal. For example, two distinct (but closely related) types of lattices occur in the field corresponding to the CCF of Figure 2: a “contracted” version of the parallelogram lattice (a=13 run, b=10 run, θ=99°), and a near-rectangular lattice (a=8.5 run, b=5 nm). The pattern of maxima in this CCF suggests that a third, near-hexagonal lattice (a=4.5 nm) may also be present. The correlation averages of Figures 3B-D were computed from polycrystalline fields, using peak coordinates in regions of CCFs corresponding to each of the three lattice types.

High-Resolution electron crystallography of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex from chloroplast membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Da Neng Wang ◽  
K.H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Lhc Ii ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
2D Crystals

The light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex (LHC-II) is the most abundant membrane protein in the chloroplasts of green plants where it functions as a molecular antenna of solar energy for photosynthesis. We have grown two-dimensional (2d) crystals of the purified, detergent-solubilized LHC-II . The crystals which measured 5 to 10 μm in diameter were stabilized for electron microscopy by washing with a 0.5% solution of tannin. Electron diffraction patterns of untilted 2d crystals cooled to 130 K showed sharp spots to 3.1 Å resolution. Spot-scan images of 2d crystals were recorded at 160 K with the Berkeley microscope . Images of untilted crystals were processed, using the unbending procedure by Henderson et al . A projection map of the complex at 3.7Å resolution was generated from electron diffraction amplitudes and high-resolution phases obtained by image processing .A difference Fourier analysis with the same image phases and electron diffraction amplitudes recorded of frozen, hydrated specimens showed no significant differences in the 3.7Å projection map. Our tannin treatment therefore does not affect the structural integrity of the complex.

Seeding 2D crystals

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6538) ◽  
pp. 141.6-142
Author(s):  
Phil Szuromi
Keyword(s):  
2D Crystals

scholarly journals Photoemission Electron Microscopy as a New Tool to Study the Electronic Properties of 2D Crystals and Inhomogeneous Semiconductors

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1504-1505
Author(s):  
Taisuke Ohta ◽  
Morgann Berg ◽  
Kunttal Keyshar ◽  
Jason M. Kephart ◽  
Thomas E. Beechem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽  
2D Crystals ◽  
Photoemission Electron

Exciton dynamics and annihilation in WS2 2D semiconductors

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 7402-7408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yuan ◽  
Libai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Exciton Dynamics ◽  
2D Semiconductors ◽  
Time Resolved Photoluminescence ◽  
2D Crystals

We systematically investigate the exciton dynamics in monolayered, bilayered, and trilayered WS2 two-dimensional (2D) crystals by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy.

Isolation and Stabilization of LDH 2D Crystals with Ultrahigh Surface Exposure via Polymer Gel Formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 1700740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dujuan Liang ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Huiliang Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gel Formation ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
2D Crystals

Modeling of structure and properties of silicene and related novel 2D crystals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bechstedt ◽  
P. Gori ◽  
S. Kokott ◽  
L. Matthes ◽  
P. Pflugradt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Properties ◽  
2D Crystals

scholarly journals Proteorhodopsin: Characterisation of 2D crystals by electron microscopy and solid state NMR

2007 ◽  
Vol 1768 (12) ◽  
pp. 3012-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Shastri ◽  
Janet Vonck ◽  
Nicole Pfleger ◽  
Winfried Haase ◽  
Werner Kuehlbrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
2D Crystals
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