scholarly journals Rapid Atlantification along the Fram Strait at the beginning of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Tesi ◽  
Francesco Muschitiello ◽  
Gesine Mollenhauer ◽  
Stefano Miserocchi ◽  
Leonardo Langone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fram Strait

scholarly journals Enhanced 20th-century heat transfer to the Arctic simulated in the context of climate variations over the last millennium

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2201-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Jungclaus ◽  
K. Lohmann ◽  
D. Zanchettin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Fram Strait

Abstract. Oceanic heat transport variations, carried by the northward-flowing Atlantic Water, strongly influence Arctic sea-ice distribution, ocean–atmosphere exchanges, and pan-Arctic temperatures. Palaeoceanographic reconstructions from marine sediments near Fram Strait have documented a dramatic increase in Atlantic Water temperatures over the 20th century, unprecedented in the last millennium. Here we present results from Earth system model simulations that reproduce and explain the reconstructed exceptional Atlantic Water warming in Fram Strait in the 20th century in the context of natural variability during the last millennium. The associated increase in ocean heat transfer to the Arctic can be traced back to changes in the ocean circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. An interplay between a weakening overturning circulation and a strengthening subpolar gyre as a consequence of 20th-century global warming is identified as the driving mechanism for the pronounced warming along the Atlantic Water path toward the Arctic. Simulations covering the late Holocene provide a reference frame that allows us to conclude that the changes during the last century are unprecedented in the last 1150 years and that they cannot be explained by internal variability or natural forcing alone.

scholarly journals Enhanced 20th century heat transfer to the Arctic simulated in the context of climate variations over the last millennium

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2895-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Jungclaus ◽  
K. Lohmann ◽  
D. Zanchettin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Fram Strait

Abstract. Oceanic heat transport variations, carried by the northward flowing Atlantic Water, strongly influence Arctic sea-ice distribution, ocean–atmosphere exchanges, and pan-Arctic temperatures. Paleoceanographic reconstructions from marine sediments near Fram Strait have documented a dramatic increase in Atlantic Water temperatures over the 20th century, unprecedented in the last millennium. Here we present results from Earth system model simulations over the last millennium that reproduce and explain reconstructed integrated quantities such as pan-Arctic temperature evolution during the pre-industrial millennium as well as the exceptional Atlantic Water warming in Fram Strait in the 20th century. The associated increase in ocean heat transfer to the Arctic can be traced back to changes in the ocean circulation in the sub-polar North Atlantic. An interplay between a weakening overturning circulation and a strengthening sub-polar gyre as a consequence of 20th century global warming is identified as driving mechanism for the pronounced warming along the Atlantic Water path toward the Arctic. Simulations covering the late Holocene provide a reference frame that allows us to conclude that the changes during the last century are unprecedented in the last 1150 years and that they cannot be explained by internal variability or natural forcing alone.

Development of Reading Remediation for Dyslexic Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Bédard ◽  
Line Laplante ◽  
Julien Mercier
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Educational Neuroscience ◽  
Reading Remediation ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Dyslexia is a phenomenon for which the brain correlates have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Simultaneously, the field of education has also been studying dyslexia and its remediation, mainly through behavioral data. The last two decades have seen a growing interest in integrating neuroscience and education. This article provides a quick overview of pertinent scientific literature involving neurophysiological data on functional brain differences in dyslexia and discusses their very limited influence on the development of reading remediation for dyslexic individuals. Nevertheless, it appears that if certain conditions are met – related to the key elements of educational neuroscience and to the nature of the research questions – conceivable benefits can be expected from the integration of neurophysiological data with educational research. When neurophysiological data can be employed to overcome the limits of using behavioral data alone, researchers can both unravel phenomenon otherwise impossible to document and raise new questions.

Updating Our Knowledge of Reasoning in the 20th Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
William E. Deuser ◽  
Craig A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century
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