scholarly journals Switchable immune modulator for tumor-specific activation of anticancer immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Yu-Qing Xie ◽  
Simon Van Herck ◽  
Sina Nassiri ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Anticancer Immunity

Low melatonin as a contributor to SARS-CoV-2 disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-576
Author(s):  
Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal ◽  
Daniel P Cardinali ◽  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Gregory M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Extrapineal Melatonin

That the pineal gland is a source of melatonin is widely known; however, by comparison, few know of the much larger pool of extrapineal melatonin. That pool is widely distributed in all animals, including those that do not have a pineal gland, e.g., insects.  Extrapineal melatonin is not released into the blood but is used locally to function as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, etc. A major site of action of peripherally-produced melatonin is the mitochondria where it neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during oxidative phosphorylation. Its role also includes major actions as an immune modulator reducing overreactions to foreign agents while simultaneously boosting immune processes. During a pandemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, melatonin is capable of suppressing the damage inflicted by the cytokine storm. The implications of melatonin in susceptibility and treatment of COVID-19 disease are discussed. 

scholarly journals Paracetamol modulates biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 8 strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi R. Sultan ◽  
Kirby R. Lattwein ◽  
Nicole A. Lemmens-den Toom ◽  
Susan V. Snijders ◽  
Klazina Kooiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Green Fluorescent

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus biofilms are a major problem in modern healthcare due to their resistance to immune system defenses and antibiotic treatments. Certain analgesic agents are able to modulate S. aureus biofilm formation, but currently no evidence exists if paracetamol, often combined with antibiotic treatment, also has this effect. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if paracetamol can modulate S. aureus biofilm formation. Considering that certain regulatory pathways for biofilm formation and virulence factor production by S. aureus are linked, we further investigated the effect of paracetamol on immune modulator production. The in vitro biofilm mass of 21 S. aureus strains from 9 genetic backgrounds was measured in the presence of paracetamol. Based on biofilm mass quantity, we further investigated paracetamol-induced biofilm alterations using a bacterial viability assay combined with N-Acetylglucosamine staining. Isothermal microcalorimetry was used to monitor the effect of paracetamol on bacterial metabolism within biofilms and green fluorescent protein (GFP) promoter fusion technology for transcription of staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN). Clinically relevant concentrations of paracetamol enhanced biofilm formation particularly among strains belonging to clonal complex 8 (CC8), but had minimal effect on S. aureus planktonic growth. The increase of biofilm mass can be attributed to the marked increase of N-Acetylglucosamine containing components of the extracellular matrix, presumably polysaccharide intercellular adhesion. Biofilms of RN6390A (CC8) showed a significant increase in the immune modulator SCIN transcription during co-incubation with low concentrations of paracetamol. Our data indicate that paracetamol can enhance biofilm formation. The clinical relevance needs to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Radiation-induction of MMPs limited the NK-mediated anticancer immunity in lung cancer cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Heo ◽  
Young Shin Lee ◽  
Cheol Hun Son ◽  
Kwang Mo Yang ◽  
You Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Immunity

Gemcitabine-loaded DSPE-PEG-PheoA liposome as a photomediated immune modulator for cholangiocarcinoma treatment

Biomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Hye Kim ◽  
Byeong Nam Im ◽  
Hee Sook Hwang ◽  
Kun Na
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulator

A natural immune modulator attenuates stress hormone and catecholamine concentrations in polymicrobial peritonitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Love ◽  
Rebecca E. Barnett ◽  
Ian Holbrook ◽  
Gerald Sonnenfeld ◽  
Hajime Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Immune Modulator

scholarly journals Combining Local Immunotoxins Targeting Mesothelin with CTLA-4 Blockade Synergistically Eradicates Murine Cancer by Promoting Anticancer Immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Leshem ◽  
James O'Brien ◽  
Xiufen Liu ◽  
Tapan K. Bera ◽  
Masaki Terabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Immunity

Immune Modulator and Low-Temperature PTT-Induced Synergistic Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1524-1535
Author(s):  
Yue Duan ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Junxiao Gao ◽  
Daohe Wei ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Modulator
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