scholarly journals Cell therapy strategies for COVID-19: Current approaches and potential applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (33) ◽  
pp. eabg5995
Author(s):  
Mark M. Zaki ◽  
Emal Lesha ◽  
Khaled Said ◽  
Kiavash Kiaee ◽  
Lindsey Robinson-McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Damage Cell ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to burden society worldwide. Despite most patients having a mild course, severe presentations have limited treatment options. COVID-19 manifestations extend beyond the lungs and may affect the cardiovascular, nervous, and other organ systems. Current treatments are nonspecific and do not address potential long-term consequences such as pulmonary fibrosis, demyelination, and ischemic organ damage. Cell therapies offer great potential in treating severe COVID-19 presentations due to their customizability and regenerative function. This review summarizes COVID-19 pathogenesis, respective areas where cell therapies have potential, and the ongoing 89 cell therapy trials in COVID-19 as of 1 January 2021.

scholarly journals Neurological, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental complications of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 000486742096147
Author(s):  
Christos Pantelis ◽  
Mahesh Jayaram ◽  
Anthony J Hannan ◽  
Robb Wesselingh ◽  
Jess Nithianantharajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
The Brain

Although COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease, it is known to affect multiple organ systems. In this article, we highlight the impact of SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus causing COVID-19) on the central nervous system as there is an urgent need to understand the longitudinal impacts of COVID-19 on brain function, behaviour and cognition. Furthermore, we address the possibility of intergenerational impacts of COVID-19 on the brain, potentially via both maternal and paternal routes. Evidence from preclinical models of earlier coronaviruses has shown direct viral infiltration across the blood–brain barrier and indirect secondary effects due to other organ pathology and inflammation. In the most severely ill patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care, there appears to be additional severe inflammatory response and associated thrombophilia with widespread organ damage, including the brain. Maternal viral (and other) infections during pregnancy can affect the offspring, with greater incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. Available reports suggest possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, although longitudinal cohort studies of such offspring are needed. The impact of paternal infection on the offspring and intergenerational effects should also be considered. Research targeted at mechanistic insights into all aspects of pathogenesis, including neurological, neuropsychiatric and haematological systems alongside pulmonary pathology, will be critical in informing future therapeutic approaches. With these future challenges in mind, we highlight the importance of national and international collaborative efforts to gather the required clinical and preclinical data to effectively address the possible long-term sequelae of this global pandemic, particularly with respect to the brain and mental health.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Respiratory Complications of Extreme Prematurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Neonatal Lung Injury ◽  
Early Phase Clinical Trials

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia remains the main complication of extreme preterm birth. Research over the past 10 years suggests the potential for stem cell-based therapies to prevent and/or restore organ damage in extreme preterm infants. Mesenchymal stromal cells, in particular, have advanced as the forerunner among various cell therapies based on very promising preclinical studies in animal models of neonatal lung injury. Early phase clinical trials are now underway to determine the safety and feasibility of this cell therapy in preterm infants at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This review will summarize the current rationale for testing mesenchymal stromal cells in this patient population and highlight the gaps in our knowledge to safely harness the full repair potential of cell-based therapies.

scholarly journals The Role of MSC Therapy in Attenuating the Damaging Effects of the Cytokine Storm Induced by COVID-19 on the Heart and Cardiovascular System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes ◽  
Liam Colley ◽  
Katie A. O'Brien ◽  
Kirsty A. Roberts ◽  
Thomas A. Agbaedeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems

The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to 47 m infected cases and 1. 2 m (2.6%) deaths. A hallmark of more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) appears to be a virally-induced over-activation or unregulated response of the immune system, termed a “cytokine storm,” featuring elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-22, CXCL10, and TNFα. Whilst the lungs are the primary site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, in more severe cases its effects can be detected in multiple organ systems. Indeed, many COVID-19 positive patients develop cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial injury, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmia, and thromboembolism, which are associated with higher mortality. Drug and cell therapies targeting immunosuppression have been suggested to help combat the cytokine storm. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), owing to their powerful immunomodulatory ability, have shown promise in early clinical studies to avoid, prevent or attenuate the cytokine storm. In this review, we will discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of the cytokine storm on the cardiovascular system, and how MSCs potentially attenuate the damage caused by the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. We will also address how MSC transplantation could alleviate the long-term complications seen in some COVID-19 patients, such as improving tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19- A Comprehensive Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Shakeel Mushtaque ◽  
Rabia Mushtaque ◽  
Shahbano Baloch ◽  
Aadil Raza ◽  
Haseeb Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Organ Systems

A newly identified novel coronavirus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus2 (SARS‐CoV 2) has given rise to the global pandemic. SARS-CoV2 which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a positive-stranded RNA virus with nucleocapsid. It binds to host angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor through surface glycoprotein (S protein). These ACE 2 receptors are attached to the cell membranes of many organs. Thus, COVID-19 does not only result in acute respiratory distress syndrome but also affects multiple organ systems, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to manage this disease. COVID-19 can damage the myocardial cells and result in fulminant myocarditis, acute cardiac injury, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or arrhythmia. COVID-19 seeds harmful immune response through cytokine storm leading to indirect organ damage. In this literature review, the available data is comprehended regarding cardiovascular complications in COVID-19, and the correlation of biomarkers with the disease activity is discussed. This literature review also highlights the important treatment options and outcomes of the individual study.

scholarly journals New Therapeutic Approaches for Allergy: A Review of Cell Therapy and Bio- or Nano-Material-Based Strategies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Juan L. Paris ◽  
Paz de la Torre ◽  
Ana I. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Nano Material

Allergy constitutes a major health issue due to its large prevalence. The established therapeutic approaches (allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids) do not address the underlying causes of the pathology, highlighting the need for other long-term treatment options. Antigen-specific immunotherapy enables the long-term control of allergic diseases by promoting immunological tolerance to the allergen. However, efficacious immunotherapies are not available for all possible allergens, and the risk of undesired reactions during therapy remains a concern, especially in patients with severe allergic reactions. In this context, two types of therapeutic strategies appear especially promising for the future in the context of allergy: cell therapy and bio- or nano-material-based therapy. In this review, the main strategies developed this far in these two types of strategies are discussed, with several examples illustrating the different approaches.

Complications of long-term central venous lines and chemotherapy extravasation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Cassidy ◽  
Donald Bissett ◽  
Roy A. J. Spence OBE ◽  
Miranda Payne ◽  
Gareth Morris-Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Therapy Guidelines ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Therapy Strategies ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Describes the need for central venous access. The types of devices in common use together with their strengths and weaknesses. Describes, symptoms and signs of complications such as thrombosis or infection of lines. Outlines investigation and therapy strategies. Describes problem of extravasation of chemotherapy drugs into peripheral tissues. Outlines immediate therapy guidelines and describes long term consequences of this side effect

Cell Therapy for Liver Disease: From Promise to Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 411-426
Author(s):  
Sheeba Khan ◽  
Reenam S. Khan ◽  
Philip N. Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Therapies

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a considerable progress in the development of cell therapy products for the treatment of liver diseases. The quest to generate well-defined homogenous cell populations with defined mechanism(s) of action has enabled the progression from use of autologous bone marrow stem cells comprising of heterogeneous cell populations to allogeneic cell types such as monocyte-derived macrophages, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, etc. There is growing evidence regarding the multiple molecular mechanisms pivotal to various therapeutic effects and hence, careful selection of cell therapy product for the desired putative effects is crucial. In this review, we have presented an overview of the cell therapies that have been developed thus far, with preclinical and clinical evidence for their use in liver disease. Limitations associated with these therapies have also been discussed. Despite the advances made, there remain multiple challenges to overcome before cell therapies can be considered as viable treatment options, and these include larger scale clinical trials, scalable production of cells according to good manufacturing practice standards, pathways for delivery of cell therapy within hospital environments, and costs associated with the production.

scholarly journals European Myeloma Network perspective on CAR T-Cell therapies for multiple myeloma

Haematologica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Bruno ◽  
Ralph Wäsch ◽  
Monika Engelhardt ◽  
Francesca Gay ◽  
Luisa Giaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Car T

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) have dramatically changed the treatment landscape of B-cell malignancies, providing a potential cure for relapsed/refractory patients. Long-term responses in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non Hodgkin lymphomas have encouraged further development in myeloma. In particular, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR-T have established very promising results in heavily pre-treated patients. Moreover, CAR-T targeting other antigens (i.e., SLAMF7 and CD44v6) are currently under investigation. However, none of these current autologous therapies have been approved, and despite high overall response rates across studies, main issues such as long-term outcome, toxicities, treatment resistance, and management of complications limit as yet their widespread use. Here, we critically review the most important pre-clinical and clinical findings, recent advances in CAR-T against myeloma, as well as discoveries in the biology of a still incurable disease, that, all together, will further improve safety and efficacy in relapsed/refractory patients, urgently in need of novel treatment options.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH

2022 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
HARSHADA KADAM ◽  
GAURI KAPHARE ◽  
RUPALI AVHAD ◽  
PRAJWAL AHER ◽  
NIKHIL GADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Long Term Consequences

SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that initially came to notice in December 2019 is the agent responsible for COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly worldwide and it is presently a potent danger to the world and also to the economy. Patients with COVID-19 are still at risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death. Those patients whose aged more than sixty years with comorbidities, children, and healthcare workers are highly vulnerable to this virus patient shows various symptoms most commonly cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, fatigue, sore throat. The infection could be categorized into three stages: mild infection, the pulmonary stage, and the inflammatory stage. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it has been clear that infection caused due to SARS-Cov-2 might be responsible for the unpredicted long-term health consequences. In addition to this, it has acute respiratory manifestations, adversely SARS-Cov-2 also affects the other organ systems. However, there is limited to the management of COVID-19 related conditions of the extrapulmonary systems. After recovery, patients remain at risk for lung disease, heart disease, and mental ailment. There may be long-term consequences of adverse effects they observed in the course of COVID-19 and during its treatment. This review provided information about the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may impair the urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. Also, the main purpose of this article is to describe the current concern of the extra pulmonary complications that were caused due to COVID-19 and also to improve the management and diagnosis of these patients.

scholarly journals A COVID-19 Overview and Potential Applications of Cell Therapy

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Diana Aparecida Dias Câmara ◽  
Allan Saj Porcacchia ◽  
Nelson Foresto Lizier ◽  
Paulo Luiz De-Sá-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Worse Prognosis

The COVID-19 pandemic has already reaped thousands of lives, although many scientific studies already showed the possibility of this scenario. Currently, further attention is provided to patients depicting comorbidities such as respiratory or immunocompromised diseases, hypertension, and diabetes, as these individuals show a worse prognosis. Cell therapies using stem cells and/or defense cells, combined or not with traditional treatment, could be an outstanding strategy for COVID-19 management since these treatments can act by modulating the immune system, reducing proliferation, and favoring the complete elimination of the virus. In this review, we highlight the main molecular characteristics of this novel coronavirus, as well as the main pathognomonic signs of COVID-19. Furthermore, possible cell therapies are pointed out to show alternative treatments against COVID-19 and its sequels.

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