scholarly journals Differential cardiopulmonary monitoring system for artifact-canceled physiological tracking of athletes, workers, and COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabg3092
Author(s):  
Hyoyoung Jeong ◽  
Jong Yoon Lee ◽  
KunHyuck Lee ◽  
Youn J. Kang ◽  
Jin-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Suprasternal Notch ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Monitoring ◽  
Motion Characteristics

Soft, skin-integrated electronic sensors can provide continuous measurements of diverse physiological parameters, with broad relevance to the future of human health care. Motion artifacts can, however, corrupt the recorded signals, particularly those associated with mechanical signatures of cardiopulmonary processes. Design strategies introduced here address this limitation through differential operation of a matched, time-synchronized pair of high-bandwidth accelerometers located on parts of the anatomy that exhibit strong spatial gradients in motion characteristics. When mounted at a location that spans the suprasternal notch and the sternal manubrium, these dual-sensing devices allow measurements of heart rate and sounds, respiratory activities, body temperature, body orientation, and activity level, along with swallowing, coughing, talking, and related processes, without sensitivity to ambient conditions during routine daily activities, vigorous exercises, intense manual labor, and even swimming. Deployments on patients with COVID-19 allow clinical-grade ambulatory monitoring of the key symptoms of the disease even during rehabilitation protocols.

scholarly journals Occupant behaviour and thermal comfort in buildings: Monitoring the end user

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04056
Author(s):  
Loes Visser ◽  
Boris Kingma ◽  
Eric Willems ◽  
Wendy Broers ◽  
Marcel Loomans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Occupant Behaviour ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behaviour

Studies indicate that the energy performance gap between real and calculated energy use can be explained for 80% by occupant behaviour. This human factor may be composed of routine and thermoregulatory behaviour. When occupants do not feel comfortable due to high or low operative temperatures and resulting high or low skin temperatures, they are likely to exhibit thermoregulatory behaviour. The aim of this study is to monitor and understand this thermoregulatory behaviour of the occupant. This is a detailed study of two females living in a rowhouse in the city of Heerlen (Netherlands). During a monitoring period of three weeks over a time span of three months the following parameters were monitored: activity level, clothing, micro climate, skin temperatures and thermal comfort and sensation. Their micro climate was measured at five positions on the body to assess exposed near body conditions and skin temperature. Every two hours they filled in a questionnaire regarding their thermal comfort and sensation level (7-point scale), clothing, activities and thermoregulatory behaviour. The most comfortable (optimal) temperature was calculated for each person by adopting a biophysical model, a thermoneutral zone model. This study shows unique indivual comfort patterns in relation to ambient conditions. An example is given how this information can be used to calculate the buildings energy comsumption.

Investigating the Impact of Healthcare Environmental Design on Staff Security: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672092140
Author(s):  
Soheyla MohammadiGorji ◽  
Sheila J. Bosch ◽  
Shabboo Valipoor ◽  
Giuliano De Portu
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To systematically review the literature regarding the role of the physical environment in preventing or mitigating aggressive behavior toward healthcare professionals in acute care, outpatient, and psychiatric/behavioral health facilities. Background: Globally, the incidence of violence against healthcare professionals is alarming. Poor environmental design has been identified as a risk factor of violence toward employees. The design of the physical setting in which healthcare is provided may moderate the incidence and severity of violence against healthcare workers. Methods: We conducted electronic database searches of PubMed and CINAHL through November 2018. Result: Findings were organized according to four categories identified in the literature regarding crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) including natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, and other CPTED elements. Fifteen studies (published between 1991 and 2017) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 15 studies, 4 incorporated environmental interventions. In the 11 remaining studies, physical environment attributes (i.e., layout, location, ambient conditions, equipment) were among the factors affecting violent incidents and staff security. Most study settings were hospital-based (11, with 10 of those specifically focused on emergency departments), followed by behavioral health facilities (4 studies). Design-focused recommendations, such as providing a second door in a triage room and a sub-waiting area inside the treatment zone, were summarized according to CPTED categories. Conclusion: This review suggests that the physical environment in healthcare facilities may affect the incidence of violence by patients or visitors against staff. Further research is needed to identify environmental design strategies that may protect the safety of healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Unobtrusive Support System for Prevention of Dangerous Health Conditions in Wheelchair Users

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego E. Arias ◽  
Esteban J. Pino ◽  
Pablo Aqueveque ◽  
Dorothy W. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Watching Tv

This paper presents an assistive device for wheelchair users with severe disability. It consists of several sensors deployed on a wheelchair, able to sense pressure relief habits, activity level, vital signs, and ambient conditions. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential capabilities of the system and the feasibility of implementing alarms. During a period of two weeks, six full-time wheelchair users were monitored. Results show that the system is able to capture pressure relief patterns and tilt-in-space usage, a mechanism required to avoid pressure ulcers. Data analysis shows that none of the volunteers fully complied with the tilting recommendations. It also shows varied activity levels, both within and between patients, indicating their engagement in daily activities. The system is also able to estimate heart and respiration rate during passive activities (e.g., watching TV and/or resting). Also, high temperatures in summer were monitored while patients were outside, to prevent heatstroke events. All the monitored variables are acquired with unobtrusive sensors, producing no discomfort to the patient and providing valuable information for better care. The final recommendation and alarm system is implemented in a single board computer, to be embedded in the wheelchair.

Noninvasive Doppler determination of cardiac output during submaximal and peak exercise

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Shaw ◽  
E. C. Johnson ◽  
W. F. Voyles ◽  
E. R. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Suprasternal Notch ◽  
Technical Reproducibility ◽  
Invasive Techniques

We compared pulsed Doppler (PD) measurements of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) as a function of work load with previously reported values that were obtained by standard invasive methods. Suprasternal notch measurements of Doppler-shifted frequency (delta f) were obtained from the ascending aorta and SV calculated with the Doppler equation and an independent measurement of aortic diameter. Motion artifacts were minimized with the aid of a restraining table cycle ergometer. Signal aliasing was accommodated with manual summation of delta f waveforms. A total of 207 determinations were made in 10 sitting subjects exercising to exhaustion. Linear regression analysis of CO vs. work load was significant (P less than 0.001). The correlation coefficient (r = 0.95) and standard error of estimate value (1.21 1/min) were similar to values from the literature. Absolute values of CO and SV underestimated the literature values across all work loads. Technical reproducibility was assessed by comparing with paired t tests the differences between 65 duplicate serial measurements of CO and SV at rest and exercise. No significant differences (P less than 0.001) were found. We concluded that PD-determined SV and CO are reproducible and correlate linearly with work load in a manner consistent with reported invasive techniques. Thus the PD method appears suitable for use during submaximal and peak exercise.

scholarly journals An Efficient Motion and Noise Artifacts Removal Method using GAIT and Machine Learning Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Motion Artifact ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Machine Model

obtaining an exact measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) using a finger-probe based pulse oximeter is dependent on both artifact-free infrared (IR) and red (R) Photoplethysmographic signals. However, in actual real-time environment condition, these Photoplethysmographic signals are corrupted due to presence of motion artifact (MA) signal that is produced due to the movement/motion from either hand or finger. To address this motion artifacts interference, the cause of the contamination of Photoplethysmographic signals by the motion artifacts signal is observed using GAIT. Motion and noise artifacts enforce constraints on the usability of the Photoplethysmographic, predominantly in the setting of sleep disorder detection and ambulatory monitoring. Motion and noise artifacts can alter Photoplethysmographic, resulting wrong approximation of physiological factors such as arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate. For overcoming issues and problems, this manuscript presented a new approach for detection of artifacts. First, present an adaptive filter and adaptive threshold model to detect artifact and obtain derivative of correlation coefficient (CC) for labelling artifacts, respectively. Lastly, Improved Support Vector Machine Model is presented to perform classification. Experiment are conducted on real-time dataset. Our approach attain significant performance in term of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive prediction.

scholarly journals Recording neural activity in unrestrained animals with 3D tracking two photon microscopy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doycho Karagyozov ◽  
Mirna Mihovilovic Skanata ◽  
Amanda Lesar ◽  
Marc Gershow
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Excitation Power ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
3D Tracking ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
High Bandwidth

Optical recordings of neural activity in behaving animals can reveal the neural correlates of decision making, but such recordings are compromised by brain motion that often accompanies behavior. Two-photon point scanning microscopy is especially sensitive to motion artifacts, and to date, two-photon recording of activity has required rigid mechanical coupling between the brain and microscope. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a two-photon tracking microscope with extremely low latency (360 μs) feedback implemented in hardware. We maintained continuous focus on neurons moving with velocities of 3 mm/s and accelerations of 1 m/s2 both in-plane and axially, allowing high-bandwidth measurements with modest excitation power. We recorded from motor- and inter-neurons in unrestrained freely behaving fruit fly larvae, correlating neural activity with stimulus presentation and behavioral outputs. Our technique can be extended to stabilize recordings in a variety of moving substrates.

Nano-Manipulation Device With Parallel Kinematic Micro-Positioning Stage and Integrated Active Cantilever

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyan Dong ◽  
Placid M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Plane Motion ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Positioning Stage ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Motion Range ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Parallel Kinematic

This paper discusses the design, analysis, fabrication and characterization of a MEMS device for nano-manufacturing and nano-metrology applications. The device includes an active cantilever as its manipulator that is integrated with a high-bandwidth two degree-of-freedom translational (XY) micro positioning stage. The cantilever is actuated electrostatically through a separate electrode that is fabricated underneath the cantilever. Torsion bars that connect the cantilever to the rest of the structure provide the required compliance for cantilever’s out-of-plane rotation. The active cantilever is carried by a micro-positioning stage, which enables high-bandwidth scanning to allow manipulation in three dimensions. The design of the MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) stage is based on a parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM). The PKM design decouples the motion in the X and Y directions and restricts rotations in the XY plane while allowing for an increased motion range with linear kinematics in the operating region (or workspace). The truss-like structure of the PKM also results in increased stiffness and reduced mass of the stage. The integrated cantilever device is fabricated on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafer using surface micromachining and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) processes. The actuation electrode of the cantilever is fabricated on the handle layer, while the cantilever and XY stage are at the device layer of the SOI wafer. Two sets of electrostatic linear comb drives are used to actuate the stage mechanism in X and Y directions. The cantilever provides an out-of-plane motion of 7 microns at 4.5V, while the XY stage provides a motion range of 24 microns in each direction at the driving voltage of 180V. The resonant frequency of the XY stage under ambient conditions is 2090 Hz. A high quality factor (∼210) is achieved from this parallel kinematics XY stage. The fabricated stages will be adapted as chip-scale manufacturing and metrology devices for nanomanufacturing and nano-metrology applications.

scholarly journals Low latitude ionospheric effects of major geomagnetic storms observed using TOPEX TEC data

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 3133-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. O. Migoya-Orué ◽  
S. M. Radicella ◽  
P. Coïsson
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Equatorial Anomaly ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Ionospheric Effects ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Global Ionospheric Maps ◽  
The One

Abstract. Low latitude ionospheric effects of two major geomagnetic storms are analysed using TOPEX TEC data for specific satellite passes. The storms are the one that started on 15 July 2000 and the one that started on 8 November 2004. The variation of vertical TEC as a function of latitude along the satellite passes during day-time mostly in the region of the Pacific Ocean have been analysed comparing the storm period with quiet conditions. It has to be noted that for obvious reasons the TEC behaviour over this region cannot be observed using ground-based instruments but TOPEX data give a reasonable overall view of the region covered by the Equatorial Anomaly, just as the storms were developing. The performance of vertical TEC obtained from GPS derived TEC of global ionospheric maps (GIMs) are compared with the TOPEX data in order to determine their accuracy when storms of this type take place. The results show that the Equatorial Anomaly TEC peaks move towards the poles by several degrees and increase their intensity with respect to the quiet conditions behaviour for both storms that occurred at different seasons and solar activity level. This behaviour is not well represented by the maps of the different GIMs used in this study. The rate of change obtained from TOPEX TEC were computed to look for vertical TEC spatial gradients variations.

scholarly journals Signal Quality Assessment of a Novel ECG Electrode for Motion Artifact Reduction

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5548
Author(s):  
Hesam Halvaei ◽  
Leif Sörnmo ◽  
Martin Stridh
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Motion Artifact ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Qrs Detection ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Cost

Background: The presence of noise is problematic in the analysis and interpretation of the ECG, especially in ambulatory monitoring. Restricting the analysis to high-quality signal segments only comes with the risk of excluding significant arrhythmia episodes. Therefore, the development of novel electrode technology, robust to noise, continues to be warranted. Methods: The signal quality of a novel wet ECG electrode (Piotrode) is assessed and compared to a commercially available, commonly used electrode (Ambu). The assessment involves indices of QRS detection and atrial fibrillation detection performance, as well as signal quality indices (ensemble standard deviation and time–frequency repeatability), computed from ECGs recorded simultaneously from 20 healthy subjects performing everyday activities. Results: The QRS detection performance using the Piotrode was considerably better than when using the Ambu, especially for running but also for lighter activities. The two signal quality indices demonstrated similar trends: the gap in quality became increasingly larger as the subjects became increasingly more active. Conclusions: The novel wet ECG electrode produces signals with less motion artifacts, thereby offering the potential to reduce the review burden, and accordingly the cost, associated with ambulatory monitoring.

scholarly journals Using smartphone-based accelerometers to gauge postoperative outcomes in patients with NPH: Implications for ambulatory monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Annelise Claire Sprau ◽  
Gregory W. Basil ◽  
Karen Eliahu ◽  
Frederic A. Vallejo ◽  
Evan M. Luther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Objective Outcome

Background: The surgical treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) with shunting remains controversial due to the difficulty in distinguishing such pathology from other neurological conditions that can present similarly. Thus, patients with suspected NPH should be carefully selected for surgical intervention. Historically, clinical improvement has been measured by the use of functional grades, alleviation of symptoms, and/or patient/family-member reported surveys. Such outcome analysis can be subjective, and there is difficulty in quantifying cognition. Thus, a push for a more quantifiable and objective investigation is warranted, especially for patients with idiopathic NPH (INPH), for which the final diagnosis is confirmed with postoperative clinical improvement. We aimed to use Apple Health (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) data to approximate physical activity levels before and after shunt placement for NPH as an objective outcome measurement. The patients were contacted and verbally consented to export Apple Health activity data. The patient’s physical activity data were then analyzed. A chart review from the patient’s EMR was performed to understand and better correlate recovery. Case Description: Our first patient had short-term improvements in activity levels when compared to his preoperative activity. The patient’s activity level subsequently decreased at 6 months and onward. This decline was simultaneous to new-onset lumbar pain. Our second patient experienced sustained improvements in activity levels for 12 months after his operation. His mobility data were in congruence with his subjectively reported improvement in clinical symptoms. He subsequently experienced a late-decline that began at 48-months. His late deterioration was likely confounded by exogenous factors such as further neurodegenerative diseases coupled with old age. Conclusion: The use of objective activity data offers a number of key benefits in the analysis of shunted patients with NPH/INPH. In this distinctive patient population, detailed functional outcome analysis is imperative because the long-term prognosis can be affected by comorbid factors or life expectancy. The benefits from using smartphone-based accelerometers for objective outcome metrics are abundant and such an application can serve as a clinical aid to better optimize surgical and recovery care.

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