scholarly journals Noninvasive quantitative assessment of collagen degradation in parchments by polarization-resolved SHG microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. eabg1090
Author(s):  
Margaux Schmeltz ◽  
Laurianne Robinet ◽  
Sylvie Heu-Thao ◽  
Jean-Marc Sintès ◽  
Claire Teulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Anisotropy Parameter ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Thermal Techniques ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Early Degradation ◽  
The Impact

Nondestructive and noninvasive investigation techniques are highly sought-after to establish the degradation state of historical parchments, which is up to now assessed by thermal techniques that are invasive and destructive. We show that advanced nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy enables quantitative in situ mapping of parchment degradation at the micrometer scale. We introduce two parameters that are sensitive to different degradation stages: the ratio of two-photon excited fluorescence to second harmonic generation (SHG) signals probes severe degradation, while the anisotropy parameter extracted from polarization-resolved SHG measurements is sensitive to early degradation. This approach is first validated by comparing NLO quantitative parameters to thermal measurements on artificially altered contemporary parchments. We then analyze invaluable parchments from the Middle Ages and show that we can map their conservation state and assess the impact of a restoration process. NLO quantitative microscopy should therefore help to identify parchments most at risk and optimize restoration methods.

In situ Quantification of the Impact of Episodic Enhanced Turbulent Events in Large Phytoplankton

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy L. Donaghay ◽  
Jan Rines ◽  
James Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
The Impact

Bayesian analysis reveals the impact of load partitioning on microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V during in-situ tensile loading

Materialia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100993
Author(s):  
N. Armstrong ◽  
P.A. Lynch ◽  
P. Cizek ◽  
S.R. Kada ◽  
S. Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Scene Content on High Resolution Video Quality

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Miroslav Uhrina ◽  
Anna Holesova ◽  
Juraj Bienik ◽  
Lukas Sevcik
Keyword(s):  
Video Compression ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Compression Efficiency ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Scene Description ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of content on the perceived video quality evaluated using the subjective Absolute Category Rating (ACR) method. The assessment was conducted on eight types of video sequences with diverse content obtained from the SJTU dataset. The sequences were encoded at 5 different constant bitrates in two widely video compression standards H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC at Full HD and Ultra HD resolutions, which means 160 annotated video sequences were created. The length of Group of Pictures (GOP) was set to half the framerate value, as is typical for video intended for transmission over a noisy communication channel. The evaluation was performed in two laboratories: one situated at the University of Zilina, and the second at the VSB—Technical University in Ostrava. The results acquired in both laboratories reached/showed a high correlation. Notwithstanding the fact that the sequences with low Spatial Information (SI) and Temporal Information (TI) values reached better Mean Opinion Score (MOS) score than the sequences with higher SI and TI values, these two parameters are not sufficient for scene description, and this domain should be the subject of further research. The evaluation results led us to the conclusion that it is unnecessary to use the H.265/HEVC codec for compression of Full HD sequences and the compression efficiency of the H.265 codec by the Ultra HD resolution reaches the compression efficiency of both codecs by the Full HD resolution. This paper also includes the recommendations for minimum bitrate thresholds at which the video sequences at both resolutions retain good and fair subjectively perceived quality.

scholarly journals Solid-Phase Extraction Embedded Dialysis (SPEED), an Innovative Procedure for the Investigation of Microbial Specialized Metabolites

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Phuong-Y Mai ◽  
Géraldine Le Goff ◽  
Erwan Poupon ◽  
Philippe Lopes ◽  
Xavier Moppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Streptomyces Albidoflavus ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
The Impact

Solid-phase extraction embedded dialysis (SPEED technology) is an innovative procedure developed to physically separate in-situ, during the cultivation, the mycelium of filament forming microorganisms, such as actinomycetes and fungi, and the XAD-16 resin used to trap the secreted specialized metabolites. SPEED consists of an external nylon cloth and an internal dialysis tube containing the XAD resin. The dialysis barrier selects the molecular weight of the trapped compounds, and prevents the aggregation of biomass or macromolecules on the XAD beads. The external nylon promotes the formation of a microbial biofilm, making SPEED a biofilm supported cultivation process. SPEED technology was applied to the marine Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21, isolated from a core of a submerged Kopara sampled at 20 m from the border of a saltwater pond. The chemical space of this strain was investigated effectively using a dereplication strategy based on molecular networking and in-depth chemical analysis. The results highlight the impact of culture support on the molecular profile of Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21 secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Morphology and crystallization kinetics of Rubber-modified Nylon 6 Prepared by Anionic In-situ Polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Hongkai Zhao ◽  
Dengchao Zhang ◽  
Yingshuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Chain Segment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn this work, we modified nylon 6 with liquid rubber by in-situ polymerization. The infrared analysis suggested that HDI urea diketone is successfully blocked by caprolactam after grafting on hydroxyl of HTPB, and the rubber-modified nylon copolymer is generated by the anionic polymerization. The impact section analysis indicated the rubber-modified nylon 6 resin exhibited an alpha crystal form.With an increase in the rubber content, nylon 6 was more likely to generate stable α crystal. Avrami equation was a good description of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon-6 and rubber-modified nylon-6 resin. Moreover, it is found that the initial crystallization temperature of nylon-6 chain segment decreased due to the flexible rubber chain segment. n value of rubber-modified nylon-6 indicated that its growth was the coexistence of two-dimensional discoid and three-dimensional spherulite growth. Finally, the addition of the rubber accelerated the crystallization rate of nylon 6.

scholarly journals Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ: a systematic review for the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Canelo-Aybar ◽  
Alvaro Taype-Rondan ◽  
Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
David Rigau ◽  
Axel Graewingholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of preoperative MRI in the management of Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs) or cohort studies assessing the impact of preoperative breast MRI in surgical outcomes, treatment change or loco-regional recurrence. We provided pooled estimates for odds ratios (OR), relative risks (RR) and proportions and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Results We included 3 RCTs and 23 observational cohorts, corresponding to 20,415 patients. For initial breast-conserving surgery (BCS), the RCTs showed that MRI may result in little to no difference (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00) (low certainty); observational studies showed that MRI may have no difference in the odds of re-operation after BCS (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.36 to 2.61) (low certainty); and uncertain evidence from RCTs suggests little to no difference with respect to total mastectomy rate (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.27) (very low certainty). We also found that MRI may change the initial treatment plans in 17% (95% CI 12 to 24%) of cases, but with little to no effect on locoregional recurrence (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.76) (very low certainty). Conclusion We found evidence of low to very low certainty which may suggest there is no improvement of surgical outcomes with pre-operative MRI assessment of women with DCIS lesions. There is a need for large rigorously conducted RCTs to evaluate the role of preoperative MRI in this population. Key Points • Evidence of low to very low certainty may suggest there is no improvement in surgical outcomes with pre-operative MRI. • There is a need for large rigorously conducted RCTs evaluating the role of preoperative MRI to improve treatment planning for DCIS.

scholarly journals Coastal Mangrove Response to Marine Erosion: Evaluating the Impacts of Spatial Distribution and Vegetation Growth in Bangkok Bay from 1987 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Dongjie Fu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Chong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Long time-series monitoring of mangroves to marine erosion in the Bay of Bangkok, using Landsat data from 1987 to 2017, shows responses including landward retreat and seaward extension. Quantitative assessment of these responses with respect to spatial distribution and vegetation growth shows differing relationships depending on mangrove growth stage. Using transects perpendicular to the shoreline, we calculated the cross-shore mangrove extent (width) to represent spatial distribution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent vegetation growth. Correlations were then compared between mangrove seaside changes and the two parameters—mangrove width and NDVI—at yearly and 10-year scales. Both spatial distribution and vegetation growth display positive impacts on mangrove ecosystem stability: At early growth stages, mangrove stability is positively related to spatial distribution, whereas at mature growth the impact of vegetation growth is greater. Thus, we conclude that at early growth stages, planting width and area are more critical for stability, whereas for mature mangroves, management activities should focus on sustaining vegetation health and density. This study provides new rapid insights into monitoring and managing mangroves, based on analyses of parameters from historical satellite-derived information, which succinctly capture the net effect of complex environmental and human disturbances.

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