scholarly journals Neuronal control of maternal provisioning in response to social cues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. eabf8782
Author(s):  
Jadiel A. Wasson ◽  
Gareth Harris ◽  
Sabine Keppler-Ross ◽  
Trisha J. Brock ◽  
Abdul R. Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Neuronal Control ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Regulate Gene

Mothers contribute cytoplasmic components to their progeny in a process called maternal provisioning. Provisioning is influenced by the parental environment, but the molecular pathways that transmit environmental cues between generations are not well understood. Here, we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, social cues modulate maternal provisioning to regulate gene silencing in offspring. Intergenerational signal transmission depends on a pheromone-sensing neuron and neuronal FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe)–like peptides. Parental FMRFamide-like peptide signaling dampens oxidative stress resistance and promotes the deposition of mRNAs for translational components in progeny, which, in turn, reduces gene silencing. This study identifies a previously unknown pathway for intergenerational communication that links neuronal responses to maternal provisioning. We suggest that loss of social cues in the parental environment represents an adverse environment that stimulates stress responses across generations.

scholarly journals Neuronal control of maternal provisioning in response to social cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadiel A. Wasson ◽  
Gareth Harris ◽  
Sabine Keppler-Ross ◽  
Trisha J. Brock ◽  
Abdul R. Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Neuronal Control ◽  
Maternal Provisioning ◽  
Regulate Gene

ABSTRACTMothers contribute cytoplasmic components to their progeny in a process called maternal provisioning. Provisioning is influenced by the parental environment, but the molecular pathways that transmit environmental cues from mother to progeny are not well understood. Here we show that in C. elegans, social cues modulate maternal provisioning to regulate gene silencing in offspring. Intergenerational signal transmission depends on a pheromone-sensing neuron and neuronal FMRF (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe)-like peptides. Parental FMRF signaling promotes the deposition of mRNAs for translational components in progeny, which in turn reduces gene silencing. Previous studies had implicated FMRF signaling in short-term responses such as modulated feeding behavior in response to the metabolic state1,2, but our data reveal a broader role, to coordinate energetically expensive processes such as translation and maternal provisioning. This study identifies a new pathway for intergenerational communication, distinct from previously discovered pathways involving small RNAs and chromatin, that links sensory perception to maternal provisioning.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor HSFA7b positively mediates salt stress tolerance by binding to an E-box-like motif to regulate gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (19) ◽  
pp. 5355-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zang ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Zhujun Liu ◽  
Yucheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
E Box ◽  
Regulate Gene

Abstract Plant heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are involved in heat and other abiotic stress responses. However, their functions in salt tolerance are little known. In this study, we characterized the function of a HSF from Arabidopsis, AtHSFA7b, in salt tolerance. AtHSFA7b is a nuclear protein with transactivation activity. ChIP-seq combined with an RNA-seq assay indicated that AtHSFA7b preferentially binds to a novel cis-acting element, termed the E-box-like motif, to regulate gene expression; it also binds to the heat shock element motif. Under salt conditions, AtHSFA7b regulates its target genes to mediate serial physiological changes, including maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, reducing water loss rate, decreasing reactive oxygen species accumulation, and adjusting osmotic potential, which ultimately leads to improved salt tolerance. Additionally, most cellulose synthase-like (CSL) and cellulose synthase (CESA) family genes were inhibited by AtHSFA7b; some of them were randomly selected for salt tolerance characterization, and they were mainly found to negatively modulate salt tolerance. By contrast, some transcription factors (TFs) were induced by AtHSFA7b; among them, we randomly identified six TFs that positively regulate salt tolerance. Thus, AtHSFA7b serves as a transactivator that positively mediates salinity tolerance mainly through binding to the E-box-like motif to regulate gene expression.

scholarly journals Make and break the alarmone: regulation of (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase enzymes in bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverin Ronneau ◽  
Régis Hallez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Harsh Conditions

ABSTRACTBacteria use dedicated mechanisms to respond adequately to fluctuating environments and to optimize their chances of survival in harsh conditions. One of the major stress responses used by virtually all bacteria relies on the sharp accumulation of an alarmone, the guanosine penta- or tetra-phosphate commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp. Under stressful conditions, essentially nutrient starvation, these second messengers completely reshape the metabolism and physiology by coordinately modulating growth, transcription, translation and cell cycle. As a central regulator of bacterial stress response, the alarmone is also involved in biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotics tolerance and resistance in many pathogenic bacteria. Intracellular concentrations of (p)ppGpp are determined by a highly conserved and widely distributed family of proteins called RelA-SpoT Homologs (RSH). Recently, several studies uncovering mechanisms that regulate RSH activities have renewed a strong interest in this field. In this review, we outline the diversity of the RSH protein family as well as the molecular devices used by bacteria to integrate and transform environmental cues into intracellular (p)ppGpp levels.

scholarly journals A Simple and Low-Cost Strategy to Improve Conidial Yield and Stress Resistance of Trichoderma guizhouense through Optimizing Illumination Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Xiya Meng ◽  
Degang Guo ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Qiwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hog Pathway ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Blue Light Receptor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Light is perceived by photoreceptors in fungi and further integrated into the stress-activated MAPK HOG pathway, and thereby potentially activates the expression of genes for stress responses. This indicates that the precise control of light conditions can likely improve the conidial yield and stress resistance to guarantee the low cost and long shelf life of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. In this study, effects of wavelengths and intensities of light on conidial yield and stress tolerance to osmotic, oxidative and pH stresses in Trichoderma guizhouense were investigated. We found that 2 μmol photons/(m2 × s) of blue light increased the conidial yield more than 1000 folds as compared to dark condition and simultaneously enhanced conidial stress resistance. The enhanced conidial stress resistance is probably due to the upregulated stress-related genes in blue light, which is under the control of the blue light receptor BLR1 and the MAP kinase HOG1.

scholarly journals An atypical class of non-coding small RNAs produced in rice leaves upon bacterial infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Reshetnyak ◽  
Jonathan M. Jacobs ◽  
Florence Auguy ◽  
Coline Sciallano ◽  
Lisa Claude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Microbe Interactions

ABSTRACTNon-coding small RNAs (sRNA) act as mediators of gene silencing and regulate plant growth, development and stress responses. Early insights into plant sRNAs established a role in antiviral defense and they are now extensively studied across plant-microbe interactions. Here, sRNA sequencing discovered a class of sRNA in rice (Oryza sativa) specifically associated with foliar diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria. Xanthomonas-induced small RNAs (xisRNAs) loci were distinctively upregulated in response to diverse virulent strains at an early stage of infection producing a single duplex of 20-22nt sRNAs. xisRNAs production was dependent on the Type III secretion system, a major bacterial virulence factor for host colonization. xisRNA loci overlap with annotated transcripts sequences often encoding protein kinase domain proteins. A number of the corresponding rice cis-genes have documented functions in immune signaling and some xisRNA loci coincide with the coding sequence of a conserved kinase motif. xisRNAs exhibit features of small interfering RNAs and their biosynthesis depend on canonical components OsDCL1 and OsHEN1. xisRNA induction possibly mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing but they do not broadly suppress cis-genes expression on the basis of mRNA-seq data. Overall, our results identify a group of unusual sRNAs with a potential role in plant-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and functional characterization of Camelina sativa WRKY gene family in response to abiotic stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Song ◽  
Hongli Cui ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Jinai Xue ◽  
Chunli Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Large Expansion

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors are a superfamily of regulators involved in diverse biological processes and stress responses in plants. However, knowledge is limited for WRKY family in camelina (Camelina sativa), an important Brassicaceae oil crop with strong tolerance against various stresses. Here, genome-wide characterization of WRKY proteins is performed to examine their gene-structures, phylogenetics, expressions, conserved motif organizations, and functional annotation to identify candidate WRKYs mediating regulation of stress resistance in camelina.Results: Total of 242 CsWRKY proteins encoded by 224 gene loci distributed uneven on chromosomes were identified, and classified into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and zinc finger motifs. 15 CsWRKY gene loci generated 33 spliced variants. Orthologous WRKY gene pairs were identified, with 173 pairs in C. sativa and Arabidopsis genomes as well as 282 pairs for C. sativa and B. napus, respectively. 137 segmental duplication events were observed but no tandem duplication in camelina genome. Ten major conserved motifs were examined, with WRKYGQK as the most conserved and several variants existed in many CsWRKYs. Expression analysis revealed that half more CsWRKY genes were expressed constitutively, and a set of them had a tissue-specific expression. Notably, 11 CsWRKY genes exhibited significantly expression changes in plant seedlings under cold, salt, and drought stress, respectively, having preferentially inducible expression pattern in response to the stress.Conclusions: The present described a detail analysis of CsWRKY gen family and their expression profiled in twelve tissues and under several stress conditions. Segmental duplication is the major force for large expansion of this gene family, and a strong purifying pressure happened for CsWRKY proteins evolutionally. CsWRKY proteins play important roles for plant development, with differential functions in different tissues. Exceptionally, eleven CsWRKYs, particularly five alternative spliced isoforms were found to be the key players possibly in mediating plant response to various stresses. Overall, our results provide a foundation for understanding roles of CsWRKYs and the precise mechanism through which CsWRKYs regulate high stress resistance to stress as well as development of stress tolerance cultivars for Cruciferae crops.

scholarly journals FOXO regulates RNA interference in Drosophila and protects from RNA virus infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14587-14592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Spellberg ◽  
Michael T. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Metabolic Conditions

Small RNA pathways are important players in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. These pathways play important roles in all aspects of cellular physiology from development to fertility to innate immunity. However, almost nothing is known about the regulation of the central genes in these pathways. The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors is a conserved family of DNA-binding proteins that responds to a diverse set of cellular signals. FOXOs are crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis that have a conserved role in modulating organismal aging and fitness. Here, we show that Drosophila FOXO (dFOXO) regulates the expression of core small RNA pathway genes. In addition, we find increased dFOXO activity results in an increase in RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy, establishing a direct link between cellular physiology and RNAi. Consistent with these findings, dFOXO activity is stimulated by viral infection and is required for effective innate immune response to RNA virus infection. Our study reveals an unanticipated connection among dFOXO, stress responses, and the efficacy of small RNA-mediated gene silencing and suggests that organisms can tune their gene silencing in response to environmental and metabolic conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Substrate-Binding Site Residues on the Biochemical Properties of a Tau Class Glutathione S-Transferase from Oryza sativa

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jinchi Wei ◽  
Zhihai Wu ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Substrate Binding Site

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)—an especially plant-specific tau class of GSTs—are key enzymes involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To improve the stress resistance of crops via the genetic modification of GSTs, we predicted the amino acids present in the GSH binding site (G-site) and hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of OsGSTU17, a tau class GST in rice. We then examined the enzyme activity, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic stability of the mutant enzymes. Our results showed that the hydrogen bonds between Lys42, Val56, Glu68, and Ser69 of the G-site and glutathione were essential for enzyme activity and thermal stability. The hydrophobic side chains of amino acids of the H-site contributed to enzyme activity toward 4-nitrobenzyl chloride but had an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide. Different amino acids of the H-site had different effects on enzyme activity toward a different substrate, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Moreover, Leu112 and Phe162 were found to inhibit the catalytic efficiency of OsGSTU17 to 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, while Pro16, Leu112, and Trp165 contributed to structural stability. The results of this research enhance the understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of tau class GSTs to improve the abiotic stress resistance of crops.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Manrique-Gil ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
Isabel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.

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