scholarly journals Changes in global terrestrial live biomass over the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. eabe9829
Author(s):  
Liang Xu ◽  
Sassan S. Saatchi ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Yifan Yu ◽  
Julia Pongratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Live Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Global Carbon

Live woody vegetation is the largest reservoir of biomass carbon, with its restoration considered one of the most effective natural climate solutions. However, terrestrial carbon fluxes remain the largest uncertainty in the global carbon cycle. Here, we develop spatially explicit estimates of carbon stock changes of live woody biomass from 2000 to 2019 using measurements from ground, air, and space. We show that live biomass has removed 4.9 to 5.5 PgC year−1 from the atmosphere, offsetting 4.6 ± 0.1 PgC year−1 of gross emissions from disturbances and adding substantially (0.23 to 0.88 PgC year−1) to the global carbon stocks. Gross emissions and removals in the tropics were four times larger than temperate and boreal ecosystems combined. Although live biomass is responsible for more than 80% of gross terrestrial fluxes, soil, dead organic matter, and lateral transport may play important roles in terrestrial carbon sink.

Emergent constraints on global carbon-climate feedbacks from regional atmospheric aridity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armineh Barkhordarian ◽  
Kevin W. Bowman ◽  
Noel Cressie ◽  
Jeffrey Jewell ◽  
Johanna Baehr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Emergent Constraint ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>The vulnerability of terrestrial carbon sequestration to increases in fossil fuel emissions is one of the most important feedbacks in the Earth System.  However, the relative importance of temperature and moisture controls on regional terrestrial CO2 fluxes varies substantially and yet critical to unraveling their roles in carbon-climate feedbacks. Here, we employ the Hierarchical Emergent Constraint (HEC) to quantify an emergent relationship between spatially- explicit sensitivities of carbon fluxes to atmospheric aridity across an ensemble of Earth System Models (ESMs) and the long-term sensitivity of tropical land-carbon storage to atmospheric aridity.  Our results show that interannual fluctuations in atmospheric aridity, as an important driver of atmospheric water demand for plants, substantially impact the terrestrial carbon sink. However, this analysis, which is conditioned on observations, leads to a substantially lower feedback than predicted by ESMs alone. Furthermore, we show that a relatively small number of regions have an out-sized impact on global carbon climate-feedbacks.  These findings underscore the role of both water and temperature on carbon-climate feedbacks while the regional attribution provided by HEC points to areas for further process-based research.</p>

Fire-vegetation feedbacks in JULES-INFERNO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle Burton ◽  
Richard Betts ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Douglas Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Carbon Stores

<p>Fire has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle, affecting the growth and distribution of vegetation, and altering carbon stores in vegetation and soils. This is further complicated by the interaction with people, through land-use change, ignitions and fire management. This work presents the latest results from the recently coupled JULES-INFERNO fire enabled land surface model, and the interaction of fire, dynamic vegetation and varying land use. The results of historical and present-day global simulations are evaluated using observations of burned area and emissions, and through use of tools such as ilamb. The model performs well globally compared to observations, and improves the simulation of vegetation especially in the tropics. The model is also used to address how fire may change under different climate scenarios, including El Niño events, and future simulations of climate change. Results show that burned area increases in some areas with El Niño conditions such as those of 2015/16, especially in South America where a 13% increase in burned area and emitted carbon is simulated. This negatively impacts carbon uptake in this region, and reduces the terrestrial carbon sink.</p>

scholarly journals Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 due to enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor F Keenan ◽  
I. Colin Prentice ◽  
Josep G Canadell ◽  
Christopher A Williams ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and offset a large fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The terrestrial carbon sink is increasing, yet the mechanisms responsible for its enhancement, and implications for the growth rate of atmospheric CO2, remain unclear. Here using global carbon budget estimates, ground, atmospheric and satellite observations, and multiple global vegetation models, we report a recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2, and a decline in the fraction of anthropogenic emissions that remain in the atmosphere, despite increasing anthropogenic emissions. We attribute the observed decline to increases in the terrestrial sink during the past decade, associated with the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on vegetation and the slowdown in the rate of warming on global respiration. The pause in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate provides further evidence of the roles of CO2 fertilization and warming-induced respiration, and highlights the need to protect both existing carbon stocks and regions, where the sink is growing rapidly.

Climate forcing of terrestrial carbon sink during the Middle Jurassic greenhouse climate: Chronostratigraphic analysis of the Yan’an Formation, Ordos Basin, North China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Jahandar Ramezani ◽  
Dawei Lv ◽  
Chengshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Central China ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Carbon

Exploring the relationship between coal deposits as an important terrestrial carbon sink and orbital forcing of climate is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle and climate change. The Jurassic greenhouse period, characterized by extensive coal reserves widely distributed in the mid-latitude terrestrial basins, marks a significant coal-forming interval in Earth’s history. However, understanding of the processes that controlled the formation and distribution of coal at this time is inadequate. The Yan’an Formation of the Ordos Basin in north central China is among the largest and most extensively studied Jurassic coal reservoirs of the world. Here we establish a high-resolution age framework for the Yan’an Formation derived from integrated, high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology using chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) on interstratified ash beds and cyclostratigraphy based on centimeter-scale magnetic susceptibility. Accordingly, the main coal-forming interval of the Yan’an Formation spanned ca. 174.0 Ma to <171.7 Ma, which coincided with the onset of the Middle Jurassic. The spectral analyses of the Yan’an Formation coal seams demonstrate a strong correlation to minima in the 405 k.y. orbital eccentricity cycles, suggesting a strong climate control on lake level fluctuations and clastic sediment input. Finally, we explore the cyclicity of a large set of published marine carbon isotope data from western Tethys and its phase relationship to cyclic coal deposition in the Ordos Basin. Our resutls underscore the role of terrestrial organic carbon burial in the global carbon cycle during the Middle Jurassic.

scholarly journals The Significance of the Erosion-induced Terrestrial Carbon Sink

BioScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe ◽  
John Harte ◽  
Jennifer W. Harden ◽  
Margaret S. Torn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Saturation of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink

2007 ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep G. Canadell ◽  
Diane E. Pataki ◽  
Roger Gifford ◽  
Richard A. Houghton ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

scholarly journals Field-experiment constraints on the enhancement of the terrestrial carbon sink by CO2 fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwen Liu ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
Thomas Gasser ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

scholarly journals Comment on "Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation" by Becker et al. (2013)

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-873
Author(s):  
M. Heimann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Carbon Cycle Model ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Becker et al. (2013) argue that an afforestation of 0.73 109 ha with Jatropha curcas plants would generate an additional terrestrial carbon sink of 4.3 PgC yr−1, enough to stabilise the atmospheric mixing ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) at current levels. However, this is not consistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. Using a well established global carbon cycle model, the effect of adding such a hypothetical sink leads to a reduction of atmospheric CO2 levels in the year 2030 by 25 ppm compared to a reference scenario. However, the stabilisation of the atmospheric CO2 concentration requires a much larger additional sink or corresponding reduction of anthropogenic emissions.

CO2 stabilization, climate change and the terrestrial carbon sink

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew White ◽  
Melvin G. R. Cannell ◽  
Andrew D. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink
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