scholarly journals Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabe4214
Author(s):  
Hae Jin Jeong ◽  
Hee Chang Kang ◽  
An Suk Lim ◽  
Se Hyeon Jang ◽  
Kitack Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Prey Diversity ◽  
Standing Question

Microalgae fuel food webs and biogeochemical cycles of key elements in the ocean. What determines microalgal dominance in the ocean is a long-standing question. Red tide distribution data (spanning 1990 to 2019) show that mixotrophic dinoflagellates, capable of photosynthesis and predation together, were responsible for ~40% of the species forming red tides globally. Counterintuitively, the species with low or moderate growth rates but diverse prey including diatoms caused red tides globally. The ability of these dinoflagellates to trade off growth for prey diversity is another genetic factor critical to formation of red tides across diverse ocean conditions. This finding has profound implications for explaining the global dominance of particular microalgae, their key eco-evolutionary strategy, and prediction of harmful red tide outbreaks.

scholarly journals High Spatial-Resolution Red Tide Detection in the Southern Coast of Korea Using U-Net from PlanetScope Imagery

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4447
Author(s):  
Jisun Shin ◽  
Young-Heon Jo ◽  
Joo-Hyung Ryu ◽  
Boo-Keun Khim ◽  
Soo Mee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Deep Learning Model ◽  
Bloom Water

Red tides caused by Margalefidinium polykrikoides occur continuously along the southern coast of Korea, where there are many aquaculture cages, and therefore, prompt monitoring of bloom water is required to prevent considerable damage. Satellite-based ocean-color sensors are widely used for detecting red tide blooms, but their low spatial resolution restricts coastal observations. Contrarily, terrestrial sensors with a high spatial resolution are good candidate sensors, despite the lack of spectral resolution and bands for red tide detection. In this study, we developed a U-Net deep learning model for detecting M. polykrikoides blooms along the southern coast of Korea from PlanetScope imagery with a high spatial resolution of 3 m. The U-Net model was trained with four different datasets that were constructed with randomly or non-randomly chosen patches consisting of different ratios of red tide and non-red tide pixels. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of the conventional red tide index (RTI) and four U-Net models suggest that the U-Net model, which was trained with a dataset of non-randomly chosen patches including non-red tide patches, outperformed RTI in terms of sensitivity, precision, and F-measure level, accounting for an increase of 19.84%, 44.84%, and 28.52%, respectively. The M. polykrikoides map derived from U-Net provides the most reasonable red tide patterns in all water areas. Combining high spatial resolution images and deep learning approaches represents a good solution for the monitoring of red tides over coastal regions.

A Red Tide of Gyrod Inium Aurelum in Sea Lochs of the Firth of Clyde and Associated Mortality of Pond-Reared Salmon

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Jones ◽  
P. Ayres ◽  
A. M. Bullock ◽  
R. J. Roberts ◽  
P. Tett
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Gymnodinium Breve ◽  
The North ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Gyrodinium Aureolum

Red tides of the naked dinoflagellate Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt occurred in sealochs in the north of the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, during late September 1980. Greatestconcentrations of the organism were found in the top 1 m layer of the water column, which was stabilized, and probably also enriched with nutrients, by freshwater input fromland drainage. In addition vertical and horizontal concentration must be postulated toexplain Gyrodinium cell densities of 2 x to7 cells I"1 and chlorophyll concentrations of 2228 mg m“”3 near the shore at Otter Ferry, Loch Fyne.On 28 September 1980, water containing the red tide at Otter Ferry was unintentionally pumped into fish ponds at a shore-based salmon farm and resulted in the death, in one pond, of 3000 salmon each weighing about 1 kg and of 200–300 smolts in another when water was transferred to it from the affected pond. Pathological investigation of affected salmon showed that death was likely to have resulted from asphyxiation and osmotic shock as a result of extensive cellular damage to gills and guts. Results of mouse bioassays, using acidic and ether extracts of flesh and guts from affected salmon, suggest that necrotizing toxin(s) was associated with the cells of Gyrodinium aureolum during the bloom. The clinical signs exhibited by mice injected with toxin extracts were, however, unlike those caused by paralytic shellfish poison or toxins of the Gymnodinium breve type.

scholarly journals Tracing the sources of nutrients fueling dinoflagellate red tides occurring along the coast of Korea using radium isotopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong Kyu Kwon ◽  
Guebuem Kim ◽  
Yongjin Han ◽  
Junhyeong Seo ◽  
Weol Ae Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Radium Isotopes ◽  
Nutrient Sources

Abstract It is a well held concept that the magnitude of red-tide occurrence is dependent on the amount of nutrient supply if the conditions are same for temperature, salinity, light, interspecific competition, etc. However, nutrient sources fueling dinoflagellate red-tides are difficult to identify since red tides usually occur under very low inorganic-nutrient conditions. In this study, we used short-lived Ra isotopes (223Ra and 224Ra) to trace the nutrient sources fueling initiation and spread of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms along the coast of Korea during the summers of 2014, 2016, and 2017. Horizontal and vertical distributions of nutrient concentrations correlated well with 224Ra activities in nutrient-source waters. The offshore red-tide areas showed high 224Ra activities and low-inorganic and high-organic nutrient concentrations, which are favorable for blooming C. polykrikoides in competition with diatoms. Based on Ra isotopes, the nutrients fueling red-tide initiation (southern coast of Korea) are found to be transported horizontally from inner-shore waters. However, the nutrients in the spread region (eastern coast of Korea), approximately 200 km from the initiation region, are supplied continuously from the subsurface layer by vertical mixing or upwelling. Our study highlights that short-lived Ra isotopes are excellent tracers of nutrients fueling harmful algal blooms in coastal waters.

Red tides in Masan Bay, Korea in 2004–2005: II. Daily variations in the abundance of heterotrophic protists and their grazing impact on red-tide organisms

Harmful Algae ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. S89-S101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Du Yoo ◽  
Hae Jin Jeong ◽  
Jae Seong Kim ◽  
Tae Hoon Kim ◽  
Jong Hyeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Tide ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Daily Variations

scholarly journals Fish Kill Incidents and Harmful Algal Blooms in Omani Waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mohammed Al Gheilani ◽  
Kazumi Matsuoka ◽  
Abdulaziz Yahya AlKindi ◽  
Shehla Amer ◽  
Colin Waring
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Fish Kill ◽  
Noctiluca Scintillans ◽  
Trichodesmium Erythraeum ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Desalination Plants

Red tide, one of the harmful algal blooms (HABs) is a natural ecological phenomenon and often this event is accompanied by severe impacts on coastal resources, local economies, and public health. The occurrence of red tides has become more frequent in Omani waters in recent years. Some of them caused fish kill, damaged fishery resources and mariculture, threatened the marine environment and the osmosis membranes of desalination plants. However, a number of them have been harmless. The most common dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is associated with the red tide events in Omani waters. Toxic species like Karenia selliformis, Prorocentrum arabianum, and Trichodesmium erythraeum have also been reported recently. Although red tides in Oman have been considered a consequence of upwelling in the summer season (May to September), recent phytoplankton outbreaks in Oman are not restricted to summer. Frequent algal blooms have been reported during winter (December to March). HABs may have contributed to hypoxia and/or other negative ecological impacts. 

scholarly journals When the Red Tide Rolls In: A Red Tide Associated Angioedema Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Sarah Rabinowitz ◽  
Joshua Solano
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Voice Changes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction: Histamine-mediated angioedema is a potentially life-threatening reaction following exposures that incite mast cell activation. In Florida, red tides are a frequent phenomenon caused by overgrowth of the harmful algae species Karenia brevis, which contain environmentally detrimental brevetoxins. Even in low concentrations, brevetoxins can cause disease in humans through inducing histamine release. We report the first documented case of angioedema associated with red tide exposure. Case Report: A 52-year-old-male presented with severe angioedema encompassing both lips within a few hours after exposure to red tide algae. Other symptoms included voice changes and difficulty swallowing. Laboratory findings revealed complement factors that were within reference range, which ruled out a bradykinin-mediated pathology and supported the diagnosis of histaminergic angioedema. Symptoms resolved after 24 hours in the intensive care unit under management with epinephrine, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, and famotidine. Conclusion: In coastal regions, red tide algae should be recognized as a rare cause of acute angioedema. Emergency management of histamine-mediated angioedema should focus on preventing respiratory compromise with frequent airway monitoring and treatment with steroids, antihistamines, and epinephrine.

scholarly journals Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: II. Heterotrophic protists and their grazing impacts on red-tide organisms

ALGAE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Suk Lim ◽  
Hae Jin Jeong ◽  
Kyeong Ah Seong ◽  
Moo Joon Lee ◽  
Nam Seon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Tide ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
The South ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
South Sea

scholarly journals Red tide of the Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galyna Terenko ◽  
Alexander Krakhmalnyi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Scrippsiella Trochoidea ◽  
Lingulodinium Polyedrum ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Ceratium Furca ◽  
History Of

One of the most massive red tides at the Odessa Bay was observed in September October 2020. It was caused by a toxic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. The maximum abundance (56.1 x 106 cells L-1) of L. polyedrum was registered at the Odessa port area on October 6 when a water temperature and a salinity were 19.7°C and 14.3 ‰ respectively. The red tide was so huge and dense that the water glowed at night due to the bioluminescence characteristic of this species. The article briefly describes the history of the study of L. polyedrum in this area and provides a detailed morphological description with original photographs of this species sampled from bloom. We associate the appearance of the red tide with an increased temperature of sea water and air, a high content of nutrients, the presence of viable L. polyedrum cysts, and a slight decrease in salinity in the bay during the period of a mass development of the species in autumn of 2020. The red tide was accompanied by Protoperidinium steini, P. divergens, Prorocentrum cordatum, P. minimum, P. micans, Gonyaulas scrippsae, Diplopsalis lenticula, Azadinium spinosum, Dinophysis rotundata, D. acuminata, Oblea rotunda, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Ceratium furca.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis due to Florida Red Tide

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Raju Reddy ◽  
Nupur Verma ◽  
Tan-Lucien Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Airway Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Florida red tides occur annually due to proliferation of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which produces neurotoxins known as brevotoxins. Inhalational exposure to brevotoxins usually results in upper airway symptoms only. Rarely does exposure lead to lower respiratory tract symptoms as in our case. We report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with a 4-week history of dyspnea after exposure to the red tide. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities and interstitial thickening. Bronchoalveolar lavage cultures and cytology were negative. The patient was started on steroids. Over the next few weeks, the patient’s symptoms resolved. Repeat CT chest showed complete resolution of the ground glass opacities. Steroids were then tapered. Most patients who are exposed to algal blooms have self-limiting symptoms. Patients with asthma are particularly susceptible to worsening respiratory symptoms after exposure to brevotoxin aerosols. This case highlights that, in rare cases, exposure to red tide can results in severe lower respiratory tract symptoms.

Red Tide: Why a Biologic, HDFx, and Magnesium Could be used to allay Inflammatory and Lung Problems Caused by Algal Blooms: Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
The Past

Over the past decade, there has been a growing concern over invasion of Florida Gulf Coastal Waters and beaches by several algal blooms created by “red tides”. These algal blooms create various toxins that pose high risks for marine life, livestock, birds, and humans [1, 2]. The algae become so numerous that they discolor gulf waters and beaches. Since the 1980’s, red tides have been seen in many countries throughout the globe (i.e., South America, Central America, Japan, caribbean, South Pacific regions, etc.).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document