scholarly journals A viral genome packaging motor transitions between cyclic and helical symmetry to translocate dsDNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. eabc1955
Author(s):  
Michael Woodson ◽  
Joshua Pajak ◽  
Bryon P. Mahler ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Helical Symmetry ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

Molecular segregation and biopolymer manipulation require the action of molecular motors to do work by applying directional forces to macromolecules. The additional strand conserved E (ASCE) ring motors are an ancient family of molecular motors responsible for diverse biological polymer manipulation tasks. Viruses use ASCE segregation motors to package their genomes into their protein capsids and provide accessible experimental systems due to their relative simplicity. We show by cryo-EM–focused image reconstruction that ASCE ATPases in viral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) packaging motors adopt helical symmetry complementary to their dsDNA substrates. Together with previous data, our results suggest that these motors cycle between helical and planar configurations, providing a possible mechanism for directional translocation of DNA. Similar changes in quaternary structure have been observed for proteasome and helicase motors, suggesting an ancient and common mechanism of force generation that has been adapted for specific tasks over the course of evolution.

scholarly journals A viral genome packaging motor transitions between cyclic and helical symmetry to translocate dsDNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Woodson ◽  
Joshua Pajak ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Gaurav Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Helical Symmetry ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Ring Conformations

SUMMARYMolecular segregation and biopolymer manipulation require the action of molecular motors to do work by applying directional forces to macromolecules. The additional strand conserved E (ASCE) ring motors are an ancient family of molecular motors responsible for diverse tasks ranging from biological polymer manipulation (e.g. protein degradation and chromosome segregation) to establishing and maintaining proton gradients across mitochondrial membranes. Viruses also utilize ASCE segregation motors to package their genomes into their protein capsids and serve as accessible experimental systems due to their relative simplicity. We show by CryoEM focused image reconstruction that ASCE ATPases in viral dsDNA packaging motors adopt helical symmetry complementary to their dsDNA substrates. Together with previous data, including structural results showing these ATPases in planar ring conformations, our results suggest that these motors cycle between helical and planar cyclical symmetry, providing a possible mechanism for directional translocation of DNA. We further note that similar changes in quaternary structure have been observed for proteasome and helicase motors, suggesting an ancient and common mechanism of force generation that has been adapted for specific tasks over the course of evolution.

scholarly journals Viral genome packaging terminase cleaves DNA using the canonical RuvC-like two-metal catalysis mechanism

2017 ◽  
pp. gkw1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Gang Xu ◽  
Huw T. Jenkins ◽  
Maria Chechik ◽  
Elena V. Blagova ◽  
Anna Lopatina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Catalysis Mechanism

Function of a viral genome packaging motor from bacteriophage T4 is insensitive to DNA sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Smith ◽  
Youbin E. Mo ◽  
Nick Keller ◽  
Damian delToro ◽  
Neeti Ananthaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Genome Packaging

scholarly journals An automated in vitro motility assay for high-throughput studies of molecular motors

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 3196-3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Korten ◽  
Elena Tavkin ◽  
Lara Scharrel ◽  
Vandana Singh Kushwaha ◽  
Stefan Diez
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
In Vitro Motility Assay ◽  
In Vitro Motility ◽  
Cargo Transport

Molecular motors, essential to force-generation and cargo transport within cells, are invaluable tools for powering nanobiotechnological lab-on-a-chip devices.

scholarly journals Adintoviruses: A Proposed Animal-Tropic Family of Midsize Eukaryotic Linear dsDNA (MELD) Viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Starrett ◽  
Michael J Tisza ◽  
Nicole L Welch ◽  
Anna K Belford ◽  
Alberto Peretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Metagenomic Sequence ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linear Dsdna ◽  
Dsdna Viruses

Abstract Polintons (also known as Mavericks) were initially identified as a widespread class of eukaryotic transposons named for their hallmark type B DNA polymerase and retrovirus-like integrase genes. It has since been recognized that many polintons encode possible capsid proteins and viral genome-packaging ATPases similar to those of a diverse range of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. This supports the inference that at least some polintons are actually viruses capable of cell-to-cell spread. At present, there are no polinton-associated capsid protein genes annotated in public sequence databases. To rectify this deficiency, we used a data-mining approach to investigate the distribution and gene content of polinton-like elements and related DNA viruses in animal genomic and metagenomic sequence datasets. The results define a discrete family-like clade of viruses with two genus-level divisions. We propose the family name Adintoviridae, connoting similarities to adenovirus virion proteins and the presence of a retrovirus-like integrase gene. Although adintovirus-class PolB sequences were detected in datasets for fungi and various unicellular eukaryotes, sequences resembling adintovirus virion proteins and accessory genes appear to be restricted to animals. Degraded adintovirus sequences are endogenized into the germlines of a wide range of animals, including humans.

scholarly journals A Structural Model of the Genome Packaging Process in a Membrane-Containing Double Stranded DNA Virus

PLoS Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e1002024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Hong ◽  
Hanna M. Oksanen ◽  
Xiangan Liu ◽  
Joanita Jakana ◽  
Dennis H. Bamford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
Double Stranded Dna
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