scholarly journals Electrochemically mediated gating membrane with dynamically controllable gas transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. eabc1741
Author(s):  
Yayuan Liu ◽  
Chun-Man Chow ◽  
Katherine R. Phillips ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Sahag Voskian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Multiphase Reactors ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Responsive Membranes

The regulation of mass transfer across membranes is central to a wide spectrum of applications. Despite numerous examples of stimuli-responsive membranes for liquid-phase species, this goal remains elusive for gaseous molecules. We describe a previously unexplored gas gating mechanism driven by reversible electrochemical metal deposition/dissolution on a conductive membrane, which can continuously modulate the interfacial gas permeability over two orders of magnitude with high efficiency and short response time. The gating mechanism involves neither moving parts nor dead volume and can therefore enable various engineering processes. An electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide concentrator demonstrates proof of concept by integrating the gating membranes with redox-active sorbents, where gating effectively prevented the cross-talk between feed and product gas streams for high-efficiency, directional carbon dioxide pumping. We anticipate our concept of dynamically regulating transport at gas-liquid interfaces to broadly inspire systems in fields of gas separation, miniaturized devices, multiphase reactors, and beyond.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Kamila Butowska ◽  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Agnieszka Borowik ◽  
Jacek Piosik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Doxorubicin, a member of the anthracycline family, is a common anticancer agent often used as a first line treatment for the wide spectrum of cancers. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, although effective, is associated with serious side effects, such as irreversible cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Those often life-threatening adverse risks, responsible for the elongation of the patients’ recuperation period and increasing medical expenses, have prompted the need for creating novel and safer drug delivery systems. Among many proposed concepts, polymeric nanocarriers are shown to be a promising approach, allowing for controlled and selective drug delivery, simultaneously enhancing its activity towards cancerous cells and reducing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This article is a chronological examination of the history of the work progress on polymeric nanostructures, designed as efficient doxorubicin nanocarriers, with the emphasis on the main achievements of 2010–2020. Numerous publications have been reviewed to provide an essential summation of the nanopolymer types and their essential properties, mechanisms towards efficient drug delivery, as well as active targeting stimuli-responsive strategies that are currently utilized in the doxorubicin transportation field.

A Study on the Performance of Drinking Fountain Using CO2 Heat Pump under Different System Pressures

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2433-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lieh Wu ◽  
Yu Dai Shiue ◽  
Kuo Hsiang Chien ◽  
Chiu Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Alternative Refrigerant ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Natural Refrigerant

To avoid continuous damage of ozone layer and deterioration of global warming, many countries have devoted to the development and application of natural refrigerant. Although CO2, an alternative refrigerant in the area of air conditioning is not the best all-temperature refrigerant, it has the lowest operating risk as compared to hydrocarbon (HCs) and ammonia.Traditional drinking fountain provides heat source through secondary energy source - electric heating; however, the heating effect is limited. Since heat pump has a high performance, this study used a carbon dioxide heat pump, which has energy-saving effect and high efficiency, to provide heat source to drinking fountains. It further assembled the drinking fountain system with carbon dioxide heat pump and analyzed its performance.

Microalgae cultivation for carbon dioxide sequestration and protein production using a high-efficiency photobioreactor system

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pavlik ◽  
Yingkui Zhong ◽  
Carly Daiek ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Robert Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation

An Investigation of the Barrier Properties and of the Residual Acetaldehyde in Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
A.S. Shabaev ◽  
S.Yu. Khashirova ◽  
A.K. Mikitaev ◽  
I.V. Musov ◽  
A.L. Slonov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate

The diffusion cell to a Tsvet-800 chromatograph for determining the gas permeability of polymeric materials has been optimised. The oxygen permeability and the carbon dioxide permeability of polymer composites based on polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate have been studied. The optimum compositions, combining high barrier properties and a low acetaldehyde content, have been found.

scholarly journals Non-Stoichiometric Redox Active Perovskite Materials for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Haeussler ◽  
Stéphane Abanades ◽  
Julien Jouannaux ◽  
Anne Julbe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Wide Range

Due to the requirement to develop carbon-free energy, solar energy conversion into chemical energy carriers is a promising solution. Thermochemical fuel production cycles are particularly interesting because they can convert carbon dioxide or water into CO or H2 with concentrated solar energy as a high-temperature process heat source. This process further valorizes and upgrades carbon dioxide into valuable and storable fuels. Development of redox active catalysts is the key challenge for the success of thermochemical cycles for solar-driven H2O and CO2 splitting. Ultimately, the achievement of economically viable solar fuel production relies on increasing the attainable solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency. This necessitates the discovery of novel redox-active and thermally-stable materials able to split H2O and CO2 with both high-fuel productivities and chemical conversion rates. Perovskites have recently emerged as promising reactive materials for this application as they feature high non-stoichiometric oxygen exchange capacities and diffusion rates while maintaining their crystallographic structure during cycling over a wide range of operating conditions and reduction extents. This paper provides an overview of the best performing perovskite formulations considered in recent studies, with special focus on their non-stoichiometry extent, their ability to produce solar fuel with high yield and performance stability, and the different methods developed to study the reaction kinetics.

High-efficiency and minimum-waste continuous kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols by using lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide

2004 ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Matsuda ◽  
Kazunori Watanabe ◽  
Tadao Harada ◽  
Kaoru Nakamura ◽  
Yoshitaka Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Engineering and experimental testing of two-wavelength laser-assisted device for photocoagulation of eye tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Yury Sergeevich Astakhov ◽  
Yevgeny Leonidovich Akopov ◽  
Aleksandr Anatolevich Ivanov ◽  
Mariya Alexeevna Smirnova ◽  
Leonid Nikolaevich Panteleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retinal Photocoagulation

Retinal photocoagulation is believed to be one of most efficient methods to treat many retinal abnormalities. By now, a number of lasers operating at different wavelengths, irradiation intensities, and exposure times have been tested in search of optimal parameters for each type of retinal photocoagulation. Taking into consideration a wide range of such parameters, the primary objective of the present study was to develop a device that would combine the potentials of different lasers into a single universal laser-assisted coagulator (ULAC) equally suitable for a wide diversity of retinal disease. Important issue would be the creation of an experimental model allowing an operative evaluation of the coagulating effect induced by the ULAC. The sources of coherent irradiation to be combined were DPSS and diode lasers (532 and 810 nm, respectively). Through two individual fibers, irradiation generated by each of the lasers entered the optical blender to be further directed to the target, now via a single fiber. The target termed the “surrogate of living tissue” was a mixture of donor human blood and chicken egg white, which corresponded, respectively, to the chromophore and thermocoagulating agent, both sensitive to laser beams at 532 and 810 nm. As a result, irradiation of surrogate of living tissue by a laser under the trial caused the formation of a coagulate and its firm adhesion to the coverslip, after that the coagulate was separated from the unaffected surrogate of living tissue followed by its 3D-analysis. In conclusion, the whole procedure, while being relatively non-expensive and easy to perform, has proved to be simple enough for testing of a wide spectrum of coagulation-inducing parameters, whatever laser was used. Moreover, even the initial experiments have shown the high efficiency of the ULAC as a potential candidate for the application in ophthalmological practice.

scholarly journals A Supramolecular Heat-Pump: an Electrochemical Cooling System Utilizing the Enthalpy Change of a Host–Guest Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitoshi Matoba ◽  
Teppei Yamada ◽  
Nobuo Kimizuka
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Supramolecular Interaction ◽  
Anode Side ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Redox Active

Abstract Redox-stimulated host–guest chemistry was applied for the electrochemical Peltier effect, which is a heat transportation phenomenon observed in redox-active electrolytes. The refrigeration capability was enhanced up to 70%. By the addition of alpha-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) into I−/I3− aqueous solution, the amount of heat transported from the cathode side to the anode side was observed. The enhancement of the heat transportation was derived from the elimination heat of I3− from α-CD associated with the shift of host–guest equilibrium caused by the exhausting of I3− by the reduction. This is the first report that utilized the stimuli-responsive supramolecular interaction for heat transportation.

scholarly journals Molecularly engineered switchable photo-responsive membrane in gas separation for environmental protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishah Rosli ◽  
Siew Chun Low
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Separation Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Responsive Membranes ◽  
External Stimuli

In recent years, stimuli-responsive materials have garnered interest due to their ability to change properties when exposed to external stimuli, making it useful for various applications including gas separation. Light is a very attractive trigger for responsive materials due to its speedy and non-invasive nature as well as the potential to reduce energy costs significantly. Even though light is deemed as an appealing stimulus for the development of stimuli-responsive materials, this avenue has yet to be extensively researched, as evidenced by the fewer works done on the photo-responsive membranes. Of these, there are even less research done on photo-responsive materials for the purpose of gas separation, thus, we have collected the examples that answer both these criteria in this review. This review covers the utilisation of photo-responsive materials specifically for gas separation purposes. Photo-chromic units, their integration into gas separation systems, mechanism and research that have been done on the topic so far are discussed.

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